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Last Updated: 20 August 2007 The Gene Report provides information on individual genes. The report also contains summaries and links to individual reports relating to objects associated with the gene, such as mutant alleles of the gene (including both classical alleles and alleles carried within transgenic constructs), transcripts and proteins encoded by the gene and their expression pattern data, and transgenic constructs and insertions. A link to search for stocks carrying these objects is also provided. A locus may have been mapped to the genome and have an annotation, or it may only have been identified genetically via its mutant phenotype. Both types of locus are given gene reports in FlyBase. As well as including gene reports for genes derived from species within the family Drosophilidae, FlyBase also includes gene reports for non-drosophilid genes ("foreign genes") that have been introduced into Drosophila via transgenic constructs and for engineered objects such as a fusion gene between two D.melanogaster genes. FlyBase attributes data to the publication that reported it, so that users can easily refer back to the original publication if they wish. Thus, where possible in the fields below, the publication(s) that are the source of the information are listed, typically in parentheses to the right of the data. The exception in the Gene Report is the GENERAL INFORMATION section which contains a summary of the identity of the gene, the GENOMIC LOCATION section which contains a summary of location data, and summary tables in the GENE PRODUCTS & EXPRESSION and ALLELES & PHENOTYPES sections, which provide links to objects associated with the gene. This is a field-by-field guide to the information provided in the Gene Report.
General Information
Symbol	The valid symbol that is used in FlyBase for the gene. The first part of the symbol (before the '\') is the standard prefix for the species (from the Species Abbreviations list). For species other than D.melanogaster, the species prefix is displayed wherever the gene symbol is used throughout FlyBase. For D.melanogaster genes, the species prefix is only displayed in the GENERAL INFORMATION section at the top of a Report.
Name	The valid full name that is used in FlyBase for the gene.
Feature type	A single controlled vocabulary term from the Sequence Ontology (SO), which aims to describe the key type of the gene. The single term in this field is computed by FlyBase from the full list of SO terms listed in the SEQUENCE ONTOLOGY: Class of gene section of the Gene Report. See Computed Feature type of genes for a detailed description of how the term is selected.
Created/Updated	The date that the gene was entered into the chado database underlying FlyBase (we migrated to the chado database on 2006-08-22) and the date that the gene report was last updated. The dates are in the format: year-mm-dd.
Species	The organism that the gene originates from, with the initial letter of the genus and the full species name listed.
Annotation symbol	The current symbol for the annotation that represents the gene (if applicable).
FlyBase ID	The Primary FlyBase identifier number of the gene, used to uniquely identify the gene in the database. A gene may also have any number of Secondary FlyBase identifier numbers, which are listed in the SECONDARY FLYBASE IDs section of the Gene Report.
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	The chromosome arm that the gene is located on. This field is only filled in for genes with annotations.
Cytogenetic Map	A computed cytological location, based on the position on the genome to which the gene maps. This field is only filled in for genes with annotations. See Computed cytological data in FlyBase for a detailed description of how this computed cytological location is calculated.
Recombination map	A computed genetic map position for the gene, derived from the full list of terms listed in the EXPERIMENTALLY DETERMINED RECOMBINATION DATA subsection of the DETAILED MAPPING DATA section of the Gene Report. The genetic map position is given as chromosome number-map position, or simply chromosome number-, if the gene has not been mapped within the chromosome.
Sequence location	The extent of the transcription unit on the genome, prefixed with the chromosome arm that the gene is located on. The strand to which the gene maps is indicated in square brackets after the sequence coordinates. This field is only filled in for genes with annotations.
Map (GBrowse)	A GBrowse thumbnail showing the location of the gene (highlighted in pink) in the genome. To the right of the GBrowse thumbnail, there is a box containing pull down menus to download sequences associated with the gene. The top menu allows you to download the genomic region containing the gene, in one of three formats: Decorated FastA GenBank GFF The bottom menu allows you to download some of the components of the annotation, in FASTA format. The following sequences can be downloaded: Gene region Extended Gene region Translations Transcripts 3' UTR 5' UTR
Summary
	The summary is generated automatically from information in the gene report and related allele reports.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
	An inferred cytological location, based on the position on the genome to which the gene maps, or on polytene localization, recombination, complementation or molecular information for the gene. The evidence that was used to derive the inferred location is also given. See Computed cytological data in FlyBase for a detailed description of how this computed cytological location is calculated.
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
	A table of cytological locations that have been reported for the gene in the literature. The table also contains additional notes on the reported location, such as a comment that the cytological location is inferred from the location of a transposable element insertion causing an allele of a gene.
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
	A table of genetic map data that have been reported for the gene in the literature. The table contains reported genetic map positions, given as chromosome number-map position, or simply chromosome number-, if the gene has not been mapped within the chromosome. The table also lists other genes to which the gene has been mapped to the left of or right of, and additional notes on the reported location. If a gene has been mapped cytogenetically but not genetically, an estimated genetic position may be given in square brackets, inferred from a standard Map Conversion Table.
Molecular Map Data
	Gene order data describing the relative order and orientation of transcription units, derived by molecular, rather than genetic, means. The table is divided into two sections, depending on whether or not the overall orientation with respect to the chromosome was stated in the publication. In the Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology) section, '+' after a gene symbol indicates that the 5'-3' direction of transcription proceeds with increasing cytological location, '-' the opposite, and '?' indicates that the direction of transcription was not declared in the publication. In the Gene Order (overall orientation not stated) section, '+' and '-' simply reflect the orientation of the transcription units with respect to each other. In the rare case that two genes share a common 5' non-coding exon, a '=' is used to denote that neither is left nor right of the other. e.g. Ant2+ = sesB+ Ant2+
Gene Model & Features
	A GBrowse graphic showing the gene model. The extent of the transcription unit on the genome (highlighted in pink), its transcripts, CDS and any transgene insertion sites in the region are shown. For a more detailed view showing more features, a link to open GBrowse in a separate window is provided above the graphic.
Comments on the Gene Model
	Comments regarding the annotation of the gene, including whether the gene model contains any unconventional features.
Sequences Supporting the Gene Model
	A table of sequence accession numbers that support the gene model. Clicking on the accession number will take you to the appropriate entry in the external database from which they are derived. Sequences associated with genes that do not yet have an annotation are also listed in this section. The table contains accession numbers from the following databases: DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank - nucleic acid accession number and associated protein ID number (if applicable). UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot - protein accession number. UniProtKB/TrEMBL - protein accession number. These accessions are both FlyBase curated links and associations made by automated assessment of aligned cDNA and EST nucleotide sequences.
Maps to	Genomic clones that have been reported to contain the gene.
Does not map to	Genomic clones that have been reported to NOT contain the gene.
Identified with	ESTs, cDNA clones or STSs that have been reported to correspond to the gene.
Mapped Features & Mutations
	A table listing features associated with the gene, additional to the basic transcript and polypeptide structure, that have been mapped to the genome and form part of the annotation of the gene. The table lists the type of feature in the first column. The second column contains the feature's name as well as its location on the genome. The third column lists the evidence type, any associated mapping information, and any comments related to mapping the feature. The fourth column lists the reference used to map the feature.
External Data
	A list of links to external databases that are relevant to the gene model as a whole, but not specifically to individual gene products. The links are either Linkouts, which are indicated by a LinkOut label in parentheses after the field label, or are accession numbers which are FlyBase curated links. Clicking on the accession number or linkout identifier will take you to the appropriate entry in the external database from which they are derived. The external databases currently displayed in this section are: FlyBase-curated links EPD - Eukaryotic Promoter Database (Bucher) Linkouts DEDB - Drosophila Exon Database These links are also displayed together with all other external data links for the gene in the EXTERNAL CROSSREFERENCES & LINKOUTS section of the Gene Report.
Gene Products & Expression
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
	A table listing the annotated transcripts of the gene, their FlyBase identifier number, length in nucleotides and length in amino acid residues of the associated coding sequence (CDS). Clicking on a transcript symbol will take you to the relevant Transcript Report.
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported transcript sizes (kB)	A list of transcript sizes that have been reported in the literature along with the associated reference.
Comments	Miscellaneous free text comments related to reported transcripts along with the associated reference.
External Data
	A list of accession numbers from external databases that are relevant to the transcripts of the gene. The accession numbers are FlyBase curated links. Accession numbers from the following databases are currently displayed in this section: MIR - miRBase, microRNA data Rfam - RNA families database of alignments and CMs These links are also displayed together with all other external data links for the gene in the EXTERNAL CROSSREFERENCES & LINKOUTS section of the Gene Report.
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
	A table listing the annotated polypeptides of the gene, their FlyBase identifier number, predicted molecular weight (kD), length in amino acid residues, theoretical pI, and GenBank protein accession numbers. Clicking on a polypeptide symbol will take you to the relevant Polypeptide Report.
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported protein sizes (kB)	A list of protein sizes that have been reported in the literature along with the associated reference.
Comments	Miscellaneous free text comments related to reported proteins along with the associated reference.
External Data
	A list of links to external databases that are relevant to the polypeptides encoded by the gene. The links are either Linkouts, which are indicated by a "LinkOut" label in parentheses after the field label, or are accession numbers which are FlyBase curated links. Clicking on the accession number or linkout identifier will take you to the appropriate entry in the external database from which they are derived. The external databases currently displayed in this section are: FlyBase-curated links GCR - The G protein-coupled receptor database InterPro - a database of protein families, domains and functional sites MEROPS - Protease database MITODROME - The MitoDrome database NRL_3D - NRL_3D database PDB - Protein Data Bank (Brookhaven) TransFac - The TRANSFAC database of transcription factors and their binding sites Linkouts PANTHER - Protein Classification System These links are also displayed together with all other external data links for the gene in the EXTERNAL CROSSREFERENCES & LINKOUTS section of the Gene Report.
Expression Data
	A link to the FlyBase Gene Expression Report, which groups expression pattern information for all transcripts and polypeptides derived from a given gene. A list of links to external databases that are relevant to expression data is also displayed. The links are Linkouts, which are indicated by a "LinkOut" label in parentheses after the field label. Clicking on the linkout identifier will take you to the appropriate entry in the external database from which they are derived. The external databases currently displayed in this section are: FLIGHT - Integrating Genomic and High-Throughput data FlyAtlas - the Drosophila adult expression atlas GEO - NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus BDGP in situ Gene Expression Database - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis FlyExpress - A Drosophila melanogaster expression pattern search engine These links are also displayed together with all other external data links for the gene in the EXTERNAL CROSSREFERENCES & LINKOUTS section of the Gene Report.
Related Comments
	Free text comments of a molecular nature about the gene.
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
	A table containing a summary of the phenotypes of alleles of the gene. The table lists controlled vocabulary terms describing the phenotype, together with the allele(s) of the gene which have been reported to show this phenotype. To see the detail of the phenotype (including publications where the phenotype has been reported and additional free text comments), click on the allele symbol to go to the relevant Allele Report and look at the PHENOTYPIC DATA section. Clicking on the controlled vocabulary term will take you to the relevant CV Term Report, which includes a definition of the term (where available). The table is divided into 4 sections. Lethality - a list of reported lethal/viable phenotypes. Sterility - a list of reported sterile/fertile phenotypes. Other Phenotypes - a list of other reported phenotypic classes. Phenotype manifest in - a list of the parts of the animal reported to be affected in the mutant alleles.
Classical Alleles
	The number in parentheses shows the total number of classical alleles that exist in FlyBase for this gene. A table listing all the classical alleles of the gene together with summary information, including the allele class, mutagen used to generate the allele, stock availability and whether or not the lesion that causes the allele is known. To see the full allele information, click on the allele symbol to go to the relevant Allele Report.
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs
	The number in parentheses shows the total number of alleles carried on transgenic constructs that exist in FlyBase for this gene. A table listing all the alleles carried on transgenic constructs of the gene together with summary information, including the allele class, mutagen used to generate the allele, stock availability and whether or not the lesion that causes the allele is known. To see the full allele information, click on the allele symbol to go to the relevant Allele Report.
Aneuploid Aberrations
Useful deficiency	A useful deficiency for the gene. Clicking on an aberration symbol will take you to the relevant Aberration Report. This field is only displayed in an individual Gene Report if it contains data.
Useful duplication	A useful duplication for the gene. Clicking on an aberration symbol will take you to the relevant Aberration Report. This field is only displayed in an individual Gene Report if it contains data.
Disrupted in	A list of aberrations that have been reported to completely delete/disrupt the gene, determined by either complementation or molecular analysis. Clicking on an aberration symbol will take you to the relevant Aberration Report. This field is only displayed in an individual Gene Report if it contains data.
Partially disrupted in	A list of aberrations that have been reported to partially disrupt the gene, determined by either complementation or molecular analysis. Clicking on an aberration symbol will take you to the relevant Aberration Report. This field is only displayed in an individual Gene Report if it contains data.
Not Disrupted in	A list of aberrations that have been reported not to disrupt the gene, determined by either complementation or molecular analysis. Clicking on an aberration symbol will take you to the relevant Aberration Report. This field is only displayed in an individual Gene Report if it contains data.
Duplicated in	A list of aberrations that have been reported to completely duplicate the gene, determined by either complementation or molecular analysis. Clicking on an aberration symbol will take you to the relevant Aberration Report. This field is only displayed in an individual Gene Report if it contains data.
Partially duplicated in	A list of aberrations that have been reported to partially duplicate the gene, determined by either complementation or molecular analysis. Clicking on an aberration symbol will take you to the relevant Aberration Report. This field is only displayed in an individual Gene Report if it contains data.
Not duplicated in	A list of aberrations that have been reported not to duplicate the gene, determined by either complementation or molecular analysis. Clicking on an aberration symbol will take you to the relevant Aberration Report. This field is only displayed in an individual Gene Report if it contains data.
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs

Insertions

Related Comments
	Free text comments relating to phenotypic information, where this cannot be accommodated in individual Allele Reports. To see the complete phenotypic data, you should look at the Allele Reports of alleles of the gene.
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component
Gene Ontology (GO) controlled vocabulary (CV) terms assigned to genes based on evidence in external publications and internal analysis. Note that terms are assigned to genes but apply to the product of that gene. The number in parentheses shows the total number of different terms assigned to a gene. More information about how GO terms are assigned can be found under the Classification of Gene Products using Gene Ontology (GO) terms. The current release of GO data for all FlyBase genes can be found in the gene_association.fb file. The latest version of this data is available for download here from the Gene Ontology consortium site. Details about the file format and comments on version differences can be found in the documentation on the Classification of Gene Products using Gene Ontology (GO) terms.
Molecular Function
	A list of GO molecular function terms associated with the product(s) of the gene. For each term, the type of evidence used to assign the term and the reference containing the evidence are provided. CV term Clicking on the term in the CV term column will take you to the relevant GO CV Term Report, which includes a definition of the GO term (where available). GO CV terms may be preceeded by qualifiers. The qualifier NOT is used to make an explicit note that the gene product is not associated with the GO term. The qualifier contributes_to is used when an individual gene product that is part of a complex can be annotated to terms that describe the function of the complex. contributes_to can only be used to qualify GO molecular function terms. Evidence The type of evidence used to support the GO term is indicated in the evidence column. The evidence code documentation contains details of the evidence codes used by FlyBase. More information is available in the Gene Ontology Guide to GO Evidence Codes. Some types of evidence can be supported by other database objects. These objects are identified by their database abbreviation followed by a colon and the unique identifier for the object in that database. A list of current database abbreviations can be found in the GO.xrf_abbs file. The evidence code documentation explains which codes can be used with other database objects and the special meaning attached to using multiple objects in evidence.
Biological Process
	A list of GO biological process terms associated with the product(s) of the gene. For each term, the type of evidence used to assign the term and the reference containing the evidence are provided. CV term Clicking on the term in the CV term column will take you to the relevant GO CV Term Report, which includes a definition of the term (where available). GO CV terms may be preceeded by qualifiers. The qualifier NOT is used to make an explicit note that the gene product is not associated with the GO term. Evidence The type of evidence used to support the GO term is indicated in the evidence column. The evidence code documentation contains details of the evidence codes used by FlyBase. More information is available in the Gene Ontology Guide to GO Evidence Codes. Some types of evidence can be supported by other database objects. These objects are identified by their database abbreviation followed by a colon and the unique identifier for the object in that database. A list of current database abbreviations can be found in the GO.xrf_abbs file. The evidence code documentation explains which codes can be used with other database objects and the special meaning attached to using multiple objects in evidence.
Cellular Component
	A list of GO cellular component terms associated with the product(s) of the gene. For each term, the type of evidence used to assign the term and the reference containing the evidence are provided. CV term Clicking on the term in the CV term column will take you to the relevant GO CV Term Report, which includes a definition of the term (where available). GO CV terms may be preceeded by the qualifiers. The qualifier NOT is used to make an explicit note that the gene product is not associated with the GO term. The qualifier colocalizes_with is used when a gene product is transiently or peripherally associated with an organelle or complex. It is also used in cases where the resolution of an assay is not accurate enough to say that the gene product is a bona fide component member. colocalizes_with can only be used to qualify GO cellular component CV terms. Evidence The type of evidence used to support the GO term is indicated in the evidence column. The evidence code documentation contains details of the evidence codes used by FlyBase. Some types of evidence can be supported by other database objects. These objects are identified by their database abbreviation followed by a colon and the unique identifier for the object in that database. A list of current database abbreviations can be found in the GO.xrf_abbs file. The evidence code documentation explains which codes can be used with other database objects and the special meaning attached to using multiple objects in evidence.
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	A list of controlled vocabulary terms from the Sequence Ontology (SO), which describe the class of the gene. Aspects of the gene class which are described by the SO terms include (but are not limited to): - the type of molecule (e.g. protein, tRNA, rRNA) encoded by the gene. - where the gene is encoded (e.g. nucleus, mitochondrion).
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Genetic Interactions
	A table containing a summary of genetic interactions between this and other genes. The table lists alleles of this gene that have been shown to interact genetically with alleles of other genes, and the gene they have been reported to interact with. Clicking on an allele symbol will take you to the relevant Allele Report. Clicking on a gene symbol will take you to the relevant Gene Report for the interacting gene. To see the full details of the genetic interactions (including the nature of the interactions and additional free text comments), click on the allele symbol to go to the relevant Allele Report and look at the GENETIC INTERACTIONS section.
External Data
	A list of links to external databases that are relevant to expression data is also displayed. The links are Linkouts, which are indicated by a "LinkOut" label in parentheses after the field label. Clicking on the linkout identifier will take you to the appropriate entry in the external database from which they are derived. The external databases currently displayed in this section are: BioGRID - General Repository for Interaction Datasets Drosophila PIMRider - The Drosophila Protein Interaction map These links are also displayed together with all other external data links for the gene in the EXTERNAL CROSSREFERENCES & LINKOUTS section of the Gene Report.
Orthologs
Curated drosophilid orthologs	A list of genes that have been reported in the literature to be orthologs of the gene. Clicking on a gene symbol will take you to the relevant Gene Report.
InParanoid orthologs	A Linkout to the Inparanoid database, indicated by a LinkOut label in parentheses after the field label. Clicking on the linkout identifier will take you to the appropriate entry in the Inparanoid database from which it is derived. This link is also displayed together with all other external data links for the gene in the EXTERNAL CROSSREFERENCES & LINKOUTS section of the Gene Report.
Functional Complementation between Species
Functionally complemented by	A list of genes from other species that have been reported to functionally complement mutations of this gene, when introduced into this species. Clicking on a gene symbol will take you to the relevant Gene Report. This field is only displayed in an individual Gene Report if it contains data.
Partially functionally complemented by	A list of genes from other species that have been reported to partially functionally complement mutations of this gene, when introduced into this species. Clicking on a gene symbol will take you to the relevant Gene Report. This field is only displayed in an individual Gene Report if it contains data.
NOT functionally complemented by	A list of genes from other species that have been reported not to functionally complement mutations of this gene, when introduced into this species. Clicking on a gene symbol will take you to the relevant Gene Report. This field is only displayed in an individual Gene Report if it contains data.
Functionally complements	A list of genes from other species that this gene has been reported to functionally complement mutations of, when introduced into that species. Clicking on a gene symbol will take you to the relevant Gene Report. This field is only displayed in an individual Gene Report if it contains data.
Partially functionally complements	A list of genes from other species that this gene has been reported to partially functionally complement mutations of, when introduced into that species. Clicking on a gene symbol will take you to the relevant Gene Report. This field is only displayed in an individual Gene Report if it contains data.
Does NOT functionally complement	A list of genes from other species that this gene has been reported not to functionally complement mutations of, when introduced into that species. Clicking on a gene symbol will take you to the relevant Gene Report. This field is only displayed in an individual Gene Report if it contains data.
Inter-Species Misexpression Data
Produces phenotype in	A list of other species that this gene produces a gain of function effect in when it is introduced into that species.
Produces NO phenotype in	A list of other species that this gene produces no gain of function effect in when it is introduced into that species.
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase
	Clicking on the "Search for Stocks" button allows you to search for stocks that contain mutant alleles of the gene, or transgenic constructs or insertions related to the gene.
Genomic Clones
	A list of genomic clones that are associated with this gene.
cDNA Clones
	This section lists cDNA clones that have been associated with this gene. It is subdivided to distinguish fully sequenced clones from those which have only been partially characterized. Clones that are part of the BDGP DGC collection are listed separately from the other clones. These associations are primarily automated and at this time include clones containing inserts that support the gene model as well as clones containing inserts that overlap the gene model but do not support any of the currently annotated transcripts. Efforts have been made to eliminate from this list clones that overlap the gene model but support another gene model in the same genomic region (i.e. a gene nested within an intron of another gene). In addition, clones containing sequences that overlap transposable elements have been excluded from this list. We plan to subdivide clones into those that completely support a gene model and those that overlap but do not support an annotation in a future iteration of the report but at this time care should be taken to assess the sequences linked to the clone before using a clone as a reagent.
RNAi & Array Information

Antibody Information
	A list of publications in which the generation of antibodies against the subject polypeptide has been reported. Each entry is categorized as "polyclonal" or "monoclonal" to indicate the nature of the antibodies. In cases where a monoclonal antibody is available from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank in Iowa, a link the DSHB website is provided.
Other Information
Discoverer
	A list of the individuals who identified the gene.
Etymology
	The explanation behind the gene name as reported by the authors.
Position Effect Variegation Data
Dominant PEV in	A list of objects, typically aberrations, balancer/genotype variants or transposable element insertions, that cause dominant position effect variegation of the gene. Clicking on a symbol will take you to the relevant Report page. This field is only displayed in an individual Gene Report if it contains data.
Recessive PEV in	A list of objects, typically aberrations, balancer/genotype variants or transposable element insertions, that cause recessive position effect variegation of the gene. Clicking on a symbol will take you to the relevant Report page. This field is only displayed in an individual Gene Report if it contains data.
No PEV in	A list of objects, typically aberrations, balancer/genotype variants or transposable element insertions, that do not cause position effect variegation of the gene. Clicking on a symbol will take you to the relevant Report page. This field is only displayed in an individual Gene Report if it contains data.
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	A statement indicating that the valid symbol used in FlyBase for the gene has been changed, because it previously had an arbitrary symbol, for example a gene that was identified by genomic sequencing projects e.g. CG8896, or was a lethal locus named solely by its cytogenetic location, e.g. l(3)64Aj. The publication that was the source of the change is listed. The statement consists of the new symbol and previously used symbol of the gene at the time of the rename, prefixed with "Source for identity of: " See Gene symbols and names in the nomenclature document for cases when renaming may occur.
Source for database merge of	A statement indicating that two (or more) gene records have been merged into a single gene record in the database, together with the publication that was the source of the merge. The statement consists of the valid symbols of the gene at the time of the merge, prefixed with "Source for merge of: "
Member gene of	If a gene is present as a cluster in the genome, where each member of the cluster is so similar that they are traditionally referred to by a single name, then FlyBase creates a gene report for each individual member of the cluster, and also a "generic" report representing the cluster as a whole. For example, a generic gene record exists for "5SrRNA" and also for individual members of the cluster, such as "5SrRNA:CR33353". This field is displayed in the Gene Report for the individual member of the cluster and lists the gene symbol of the generic record, representing the whole cluster, that the gene is a member of. Clicking on the gene symbol will take you to the Gene Report for the generic record representing the whole cluster. This field is only displayed in an individual Gene Report if it contains data.
Component gene(s)	If a gene is present as a cluster in the genome, where each member of the cluster is so similar that they are traditionally referred to by a single name, then FlyBase creates a gene report for each individual member of the cluster, and also a "generic" report representing the cluster as a whole. For example, a generic gene record exists for "5SrRNA" and also for individual members of the cluster, such as "5SrRNA:CR33353". This field is displayed in the Gene Report for the generic record, representing the whole cluster, and lists the gene symbols of the individual members of the cluster. Clicking on a gene symbol will take you to the Gene Report for individual member of the cluster. This field is only displayed in an individual Gene Report if it contains data.
Encoded by	This field is typically displayed in a Gene Report for genes encoded by natural transposons, and lists the symbol of the natural transposon that encodes the gene. Clicking on the symbol will take you to the Report for the natural transposon. This field is only displayed in an individual Gene Report if it contains data.
Tags	This field is displayed in a Gene Report that represents an engineered tag that has been used in a transgenic construct to mark genes or their products. This includes epitope tags such as "Avic\GFP" and function tags such as nuclear localization signals. The field lists the alleles that contain the tag. Clicking on the symbol will take you to the relevant Allele Report. This field is only displayed in an individual Gene Report if it contains data.
Additional comments	Free text comments about the relationship of the gene to other genes or groups of alleles.
Comments About Role
	Free text comments about the biological role of the gene. See also the GENE ONTOLOGY BIOLOGICAL PROCESS section of the Gene Report which uses controlled vocabulary terms from the Gene Ontology (GO) to describe the biological processes in which a gene is involved.
Other Comments
	Miscellaneous free text comments about the gene.
Foreign Gene Data
	This section is only displayed in an individual Gene Report if the gene is a "foreign gene" - that is, a non-drosophilid gene that has been introduced into Drosophila, for example via transgenic constructs. It contains a formatted line of text that lists the species that the gene is derived from, its symbol, and where possible an accession number for the gene (either an identifier number from a model organism database, or a sequence accession number).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
	A complete list of links to external databases for the gene. These links may also be present in other sections of the Gene Report, where appropriate. The SEQUENCE CROSSREFERENCES and OTHER CROSSREFERENCES sections contain accession numbers which are FlyBase curated links. The LINKOUTS section contains Linkouts. Clicking on the accession number or linkout identifier will take you to the appropriate entry in the external database from which they are derived. The SEQUENCE CROSSREFERENCES section contains accession numbers from the following databases: DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank - the nucleic acid sequence databases of Japan, the U.S., and Europe UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot - UniProt Knowledgebase, Swiss-Prot section UniProtKB/TrEMBL - UniProt Knowledgebase, TrEMBL section The OTHER CROSSREFERENCES section contains accession numbers from the following databases: EPD - Eukaryotic Promoter Database (Bucher) GCR - The G protein-coupled receptor database InterPro - a database of protein families, domains and functional sites MEROPS - Protease database MIR - miRBase, microRNA data MITODROME - The MitoDrome database NRL_3D - NRL_3D database PDB - Protein Data Bank (Brookhaven) Rfam - RNA families database of alignments and CMs TransFac - The TRANSFAC database of transcription factors and their binding sites The LINKOUTS section contains linkout identifiers from the following databases: BDGP in situ Gene Expression Database - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis BioGRID - General Repository for Interaction Datasets DEDB - Drosophila Exon Database Drosophila PIMRider - The Drosophila Protein Interaction map DRSC - Drosophila RNAi Screening Center FLIGHT - Integrating Genomic and High-Throughput data Flyatlas - the Drosophila adult expression atlas FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila and Anopheles genomics FlyView - A Drosophila Image Database Genome RNAi, Heidelberg - a database of phenotypes from systematic RNA interference (RNAi) screens in cultured Drosophila cells Inparanoid - Eukaryotic Ortholog Groups Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution GEO - NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus PANTHER - Protein Classification System Yale Developmental Gene Expression
Synonyms & Secondary IDs
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	A list of symbols that have been used in the literature, or by FlyBase, to describe the gene.
Name Synonym	A list of names that have been used in the literature, or by FlyBase, to describe the gene.
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	A list of Secondary FlyBase identifier numbers of the gene. If a gene has a secondary identifier number, it generally indicates that at some point it has been merged with or split from other entries in the database. See the FlyBase identifier numbers section for some examples of the cases where identifier numbers are made secondary.
References
	A list of publications that discuss the gene, subdivided into fields by type of publication. Only those fields containing data are displayed in an individual Gene Report.