Dmel\Tirant

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Tirant	Species	D.melanogaster
Name	Tirant element	FlyBase ID	FBte0000179
Feature type	natural transposable element	Created / Updated	2006-12-04/2006-12-04
Sequences & Components
Complete element (bp)	8526 (Kaminker et al., 2002, Fablet et al., 2006) 8527 (Marsano et al., 2000) 8533 (Canizares et al., 2000)
Terminal repeat (bp)	417 (Canizares et al., 2000)
Reference sequence	transposon_sequence_set.embl.txt.gz
Component genes	Tirant\pol Tirant\gag Tirant\env
Sequence Accessions
	DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank X93507 X83507 M35364 M35363 AY928610 AY061584 AW944300 AL031027 AI531985
Sequence Ontology (SO)
Transposon type	LTR_retrotransposon (Kaminker et al., 2002, Marsano et al., 2000, Paricio, 1994.12.14, Fablet et al., 2006) transposable_element (Kaminker et al., 2002, )
Insertions & Copy Number
Copy number and comments	20 in euchromatin of Release 3 genome annotation, of which 15 are full length. (Kaminker et al., 2002) Approximately 11 (Fablet et al., 2006)
Search for	All insertions of this transposon Insertions in the sequenced genome Insertions in other genomes
Target Site Duplication
Size (bp)
Orthologs
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dmir\Tirant Dper\Tirant Dsim\Tirant Dmim\Tirant Daff\Tirant Dafs\Tirant (Biemont and Cizeron, 1999) Dmau\Tirant Dbii\Tirant Dtak\Tirant Draj\Tirant (Biemont and Cizeron, 1999) Dyak\Tirant Dsub\Tirant
Comments
	Most Tirant elements in the D.melanogaster genome are defective, non-autonomous elements. Defective elements lacking the Tirant\gag ORF but retaining the Tirant\env ORF are abundant in heterochromatin. (Marsano et al., 2000) DNA sequence characterisation of the Tirant element, the sequence provides evidence that the element contains env-related sequences. Tirant may be a retrotransposable element of the gypsy-like family. (Viggiano et al., 1997) Tirant is a moderately repeated mobile sequence. Partial sequencing of Tirant ends suggests it is a retrotransposon, since it is flanked by two LTRs. Tirant sequences are present in species from the melanogaster and obscura groups. Data suggests that ancestral sequences of Tirant appeared after the Sophophora radiation and before the divergence of these groups. (Molto et al., 1996) Chromosome in situ and sequence analysis of Tirant suggests that it is a retrotransposon. In 28 species of Drosophila, Tirant sequences have only been detected in species from the melanogaster and obscura groups, suggesting that the ancestral Tirant sequence appeared after the Sophophera radiation and before the divergence of the melanogaster and obscura groups. (Paricio et al., 1995) A middle repetitive element first described in the context of emc^D (FBrf0051368). Tirant can be regarded as a typical retrotransposon. (Thomas et al., 1995) Tirant is a moderately repetitive DNA element. (Garrell and Modolell, 1990) Polytene chromosome in situ hybrizations indicate an average of 11 Tirant insertion sites in the Dmel euchromatic genome, with no major difference between populations. However, 19 copies of Tirant are found in the sequenced Dmel genome, 15 of which are full-length. (Fablet et al., 2006) Expression is enriched in embryonic gonads. (Shigenobu et al., 2006)
Other Information
Etymology
	element is named "Tirant" (pronounced "teran", phonetic accent on the a) after the legendary medieval Catalonian knight. (Garrell and Modolell, 1990)
External Crossreferences
Sequence Crossreferences
	DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank X93507 X83507 M35364 M35363 AY928610 AY061584 AW944300 AL031027 AI531985
Other Crossreferences

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 6 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	BcDNA:SD03311 DmeTirV (Pelisson et al., 2002) EG:80H7.9 tirant (Lerat et al., 2003, Bowen and McDonald, 2001, Paricio, 1994.12.14, Lerat and Capy, 1999, Biemont and Cizeron, 1999, Fablet et al., 2006, Shigenobu et al., 2006, Fablet et al., 2007, Minervini et al., 2007) Tirant (Saito et al., 2006, Shigenobu et al., 2006, Mito et al., 2005)
Name Synonym	Tirant element
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0046991 FBgn0004082 FBtp0011467
References ( 34 )

Generate a list of	All references relating to this natural transposable element ( 34 )

List References by type	Research paper ( 23 ) Review ( 3 ) Personal communication to FlyBase ( 1 ) Abstract ( 1 ) FlyBase analysis ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record ( 1 ) Letter ( 1 ) Computer file ( 2 )
Recent research papers ( 4 )
	Minervini et al., 2007, Gene 393(1-2): 1--10 Heterochromatin protein 1 interacts with 5'UTR of transposable element ZAM in a sequence-specific fashion. [FBrf0200033] Fablet et al., 2006, Gene 375: 54--62 Ongoing loss of the tirant transposable element in natural populations of Drosophila simulans. [FBrf0194641] Saito et al., 2006, Genes Dev. 20(16): 2214--2222 Specific association of Piwi with rasiRNAs derived from retrotransposon and heterochromatic regions in the Drosophila genome. [FBrf0191820] Shigenobu et al., 2006, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103(37): 13728--13733 Molecular characterization of embryonic gonads by gene expression profiling in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0193273] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews ( 1 )
	Fablet et al., 2007, Gene 390(1-2): 84--91 The evolution of retrotransposon regulatory regions and its consequences on the Drosophila melanogaster and Homo sapiens host genomes. [FBrf0194872] Show all reviews ...