A Database of Drosophila Genes & Genomes

FB2008_07, released August 8, 2008
 

Dmel\412

General Information
Symbol Dmel\412 Species D.melanogaster
Name 412 element FlyBase ID FBte0000007
Feature type natural transposable element Created / Updated 2006-12-04/2006-12-04
hide Sequences & Components
Complete element (bp)
7566
(Kaminker et al., 2002)
7.6kb (FBrf0041380)
 
Terminal repeat (bp)
481 or 571 (FBrf0036946)
 
Reference sequence transposon_sequence_set.embl.txt.gz
Component genes
412\sORF2
(Costas et al., 2001)
412\ORF4
 
412\ORF3
 
412\ORF2
 
412\ORF1
 
hide Sequence Accessions
DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank
 
hide Sequence Ontology (SO)
Transposon type
LTR_retrotransposon
(Kaminker et al., 2002, )
transposable_element
(Kaminker et al., 2002, )
hide Insertions & Copy Number
Copy number
and comments
31 in euchromatin of Release 3 genome annotation, of which 24 are full length.
(Kaminker et al., 2002)
40 (FBrf0036946)
 
Search for
Target Site Duplication
Size (bp)
4 (FBrf0036946)
 
hide Orthologs
Curated drosophilid orthologs
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
 
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
 
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Biemont and Cizeron, 1999)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
(Cizeron et al., 1998)
 
 
 
 
 
hide Comments
Increase in transposition of 412 by heavy heat shock treatment is statistically significant.
(Ratner et al., 1992)
The expression of 412 varies greatly between populations.
(Borie et al., 2000)
Transposable elements can be used to reveal cross-over events.
(Furman and Bukharina, 1998)
Correlations between the rate of transposition and TE copy number are determined for 412 and roo and are found to be zero.
(Nuzhdin et al., 1997)
No transposition was detected in progeny after heat shock of parents.
(Arnault et al., 1997)
Analysis of motifs of functional sites reveals these motifs ensure the basic molecular functions of 412, expression of its open reading frame, transcription, induction of transposition and modification of adjacent genes and polygenes.
(Ratner and Amikishiev, 1996)
Functional site motifs are distributed within the 412 element.
(Ratner and Amikishiev, 1996)
Study of TE distribution (P-element, hobo, I-element, copia, mdg1, mdg3, 412, 297 and roo) along chromosome arms shows no global tendency for the TE site occupancy frequency to negatively follow the recombination rate, except for the 3L arm.
(Hoogland and Biemont, 1996)
412 is expressed in a cell-specific manner during embryogenesis. At stage 11 transcripts are present in bilateral clusters of cells within the mesoderm. The posterior clusters of cells become associated with the gonads at stage 13. Results demonstrate development of the visceral muscle or fat body do not affect the expression of 412 during embryogenesis.
(Tan et al., 1996)
The distribution of transposable elements in D.simulans is similar to that found in D.melanogaster, though total copy number is lower.
(Nuzhdin, 1995)
Spontaneous insertions and excisions of mdg1, copia, 412 and roo have been monitored over 65 generations of mass mating. Excisions are outnumbered by insertions. Their contribution to variation for transposable element location is not great.
(Kozhemiakina and Furman, 1995)
The spatial and temporal expression patterns of fifteen families of retrotransposons during embryogenesis suggest that all families carry cis-acting elements that control their spatial and temporal expression patterns.
(Ding and Lipshitz, 1994)
Estimating the genomic numbers of transposable elements demonstrates many families of element are over-represented in heterochromatin.
(Charlesworth et al., 1994)
Element copy numbers on inversion and standard chromosomes has been determined. The copy number is significantly higher within low frequency inversions than within the corresponding standard chromosome regions.
(Sniegowski and Charlesworth, 1994)
The copia and 412 transposable elements increase in copy number in aged adult tissue due to the activation of reverse transcriptase.
(Driver and Vogrig, 1994)
Multiple transpositions of copia-like 412 occur in the next generation after heat shock treatment.
(Ratner et al., 1992)
Stability of 11 transposable element families compared by Southern blotting among individuals of lines that had been subjected to 30 generations of sister sib matings. 412, roo, blood, 297, 1731 and G-element all appear stable, whereas copia, hobo, I-element, gypsy and jockey elements show instability.
(di Franco et al., 1992)
Expression of the 412 element provides a useful early marker for the development of the gonadal mesoderm. This high level of expression does not depend on contact with germ cells, but does depend on abd-A and Abd-B.
(Brookman et al., 1992)
During the course of experiments with genetically unstable MS strains gypsy elements were observed to transpose whereas mdg1 and 412 sites in the X chromosome were unchanged.
(Kim et al., 1992)
the 5' LTR contains an additional 33bp of which 29 are a direct repeat of the LTR sequence, there is a 3bp insertion between ft and the 5' LTR, 11bp of ft DNA at site of insertion is lost.
(Mahoney et al., 1991)
Transposition rates of mobile elements in lines AW and JH, in which spontaneous mutations have accumulated for about 400 generations, are studied. 412 and 17.6 elements rate of transposition is very low, I-element and hobo insertions occur much more frequently.
(Harada et al., 1990)
The distribution of a number of transposable elements, including 412 elements, in a D.melanogaster laboratory strain with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations and its derivatives, has been studied.
(Kim et al., 1990)
The mdg1 element shows considerable homology with the 412 element.
(Avedisov et al., 1990)
The genomic distribution of transposable elements in somatic tissues and during development is homogeneous.
(di Franco et al., 1989)
One substock of inbred lines shows considerable heterogeneity of insertion sites of copia (frequency of insertions is 12% per haploid genome per generation) whereas mdg1, 412, mdg3, gypsy, 297 and HMS-Beagle were stable in all stocks examined.
(Pasyukova and Nuzhdin, 1992)
Polymorphism of transposable elements in inbred lines has been examined: P-element, gypsy, jockey, I-element, mdg1, 412, mdg3 and 297 sites are largely stable, whereas roo and copia sites are polymorphic.
(Aleksandrova and Alexandrov, 1992)
Expression is enriched in embryonic gonads.
(Shigenobu et al., 2006)
hide Other Information
hide Etymology
hide External Crossreferences
Sequence Crossreferences
DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank
 
Other Crossreferences
EPD
 
hide Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 13 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym
412
(Saito et al., 2006, Shigenobu et al., 2006, Shigenobu et al., 2006, Gunawardane et al., 2007, Brennecke et al., 2007)
BcDNA:GM07634
 
Dm412
(Vasil'eva et al., 1998, Furman and Bukharina, 1998, Furman et al., 1998, Furman and Bukharina, 1997, Vasil'eva et al., 1997, Furman and Bukharina, 1996, Ratner and Amikishiev, 1996, Ratner and Amikishiev, 1996, Ratner and Vasil'eva, 1996, Vasil'eva et al., 1995, Kozhemiakina and Furman, 1995, Anikeeva et al., 1994, Kolesnikova et al., 1991, Goryachkovskaya and Vasilyeva, 1991, FlyBase, 1996-)
EG:BACR37P7.4
(Benos, 1999.12.13)
MDG2
(Ratner and Amikishiev, 1996, Ratner and Amikishiev, 1996, Vasil'eva et al., 1995, Leibovich, 1991, FlyBase, 1996-)
mdg-2
(Kimura et al., 1993, Zabanov et al., 1990)
mdg2
(Pasyukova and Nuzhdin, 1992, Aleksandrova and Alexandrov, 1992, Arkhipova and Ilyin, 1991, Buff et al., 1993, Gerasimova et al., 1990, Kim et al., 1989, Maksimiv et al., 1995, Rodin et al., 1991, )
MDG412
(Baev, 1994.12.13, Baev, 1994.12.13)
Motu 3
(Sun et al., 2003)
TE 412
(Kearney et al., 2004)
Ubx-t72
 
Name Synonym
412 element
 
mdg2 element
 
Secondary FlyBase IDs
  • FBgn0062487
  • FBgn0010159
  • FBgn0000006
  • FBtp0011409
hide References ( 182 )
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hide Recent research papers ( 4 )
Brennecke et al., 2007, Cell 128(6): 1089--1103
Discrete small RNA-generating loci as master regulators of transposon activity in Drosophila. [FBrf0200494]
Saito et al., 2006, Genes Dev. 20(16): 2214--2222
Specific association of Piwi with rasiRNAs derived from retrotransposon and heterochromatic regions in the Drosophila genome. [FBrf0191820]
Shigenobu et al., 2006, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103(37): 13728--13733
Molecular characterization of embryonic gonads by gene expression profiling in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0193273]
Shigenobu et al., 2006, Dev., Growth Diffn 48(1): 49--57
Isolation of germline cells from Drosophila embryos by flow cytometry. [FBrf0190265]
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