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Gene Dmel\park

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\park	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	parkin	Annotation symbol	CG10523
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0041100
Created / Updated	2003-12-01/2003-12-01
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map	3-
Cytogenetic map	78C2-78C2	Sequence location	3L:21,187,849..21,189,953 [-]
Map ( GBrowse )	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene parkin is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol park (CG10523, FBgn0041100). It has the cytological map location 78C2. Its sequence location is 3L:21187849..21189953. Its molecular function is described as: methyltransferase activity; zinc ion binding; ubiquitin-protein ligase activity; nucleic acid binding. It is involved in the biological processes: mitochondrion organization and biogenesis; response to oxidative stress; negative regulation of JNK cascade; ubiquitin cycle; methylation. 29 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with 11 unique terms, many of which group under: anatomical structure; cytoplasmic part; adult; adult segment; adult mesothoracic segment; intracellular membrane-bounded organelle; thoracic segment; adult somatic muscle; organ system; mitochondrion. It has 2 annotated transcripts and 2 annotated polypeptides.
External Summaries
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 78C2-78C2   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}chbEP3403 and P{PZ}ppl00217
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 78B2-78D2   (Pallanck, 2000.3.3)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3- (Greene et al., 2000)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes	maps to 3L (Greene et al., 2000)
Molecular Map Data
Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology) References Gene Order (overall orientation not stated) References
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\park for information on other features
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) park-RB FBtr0078318  NM_168884   1635   482 park-RC FBtr0078319  NM_168885   1609   482
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kD) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein park-PB   FBpp0077974   54.1   482   6.08     NP_730600   AAN12154 park-PC   FBpp0077975   54.1   482   6.08     NP_730601   AAN12155
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kD)	50-55 (kD) (Horowitz et al., 2001)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts	PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways • FBgn0041100
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Ubiquitin (IPR000626) N-6 adenine-specific DNA methylase, conserved site (IPR002052) Zinc finger, C6HC-type (IPR002867) Parkin (IPR003977) Parkin, C-terminal (IPR016010)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE003593 AAN12154   AE003593 AAN12155   AF510072 AAM43930   AI530909   AI530917   AW944199   AY058754 AAL13983   AY093423 AAM18800   AY207374 AAO48768   AY261675 AAP20871   BF489531   BF489850   BI369742   BI566140   BI612548   BI634287   CO177705   CO266168   CO278780   CO278782   CO278784   CO278786   CO339086   CZ466170   EC079702   EC217118   EC233520   EC256506
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q7KTX7 Q86CZ3 Q86LE7 Q95TI4
Maps to
Does NOT map to
Identified with	SD01679 (BDGP Project Members, 2000-)
Mapped Features & Mutations
Please see GBrowse or insertion reports for information on insertions of transgenic constructs and features not listed here Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References point mutation park[Z472] 3L:21,189,625..21,189,625 comment=The park protein reported in FBrf0159296 starts at an AUG that is 14 bases downstream of the annotated protein start accounting for the difference in the reported and annotated mutation location. Site of nucleotide substitution in mutant inferred by FlyBase based on reported amino acid change. evidence=experimental na_change=G21130366A pr_change=A60T|park-PC,A60T|park-PB reported_pr_change=A46T (Greene et al., 2003) point mutation park[Z4437] 3L:21,188,140..21,188,140 comment=The park protein reported in FBrf0159296 starts at an AUG that is 14 bases downstream of the annotated protein start accounting for the difference in the reported and annotated mutation location. Site of nucleotide substitution in mutant inferred by FlyBase based on reported amino acid change. evidence=experimental na_change=C21128881T pr_change=R445|park-PC,R445|park-PB reported_pr_change=R431@ (Greene et al., 2003)
External Data
Linkouts	DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs • 5977
Crossreferences
Expression Data
FlyBase-Curated Data
Transcript and Protein data	Please see the FlyBase Gene Expression Report for details of gene expression from the literature.
Summary of Transcript Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Summary of Polypeptide Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference  adult stage  head (Horowitz et al., 2001)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Microarray Data
	Developmental timecourse, Costello et al., 2008 (Original data from Arbeitman et al., 2002) AI530909
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0041100 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • FBgn0041100 GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0041100
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable parkc00062 parkΔ21 semi-lethal | pupal stage parkΔ21 Other Phenotypes Allele visible park1 small body parkΔ21 reduced cell number parkΔ21 reduced cell size parkΔ21 short lived park1 park2 parkΔ21 short lived (with Df(3L)Pc-MK) park13 park25 park45 parkΔ21 short lived | conditional - cold sensitive parkΔ21 short lived | conditional - cold sensitive (with Df(3L)Pc-MK) parkΔ21 geotaxis behavior defective park25 hypoactive parkΔ21 locomotor rhythm defective park1 park2 courtship defective | male parkunspecified locomotor behavior defective park1 park2 locomotor behavior defective (with Df(3L)Pc-MK) park13 jumpless parkΔ21 flight behavior defective (with Df(3L)Pc-MK) park13 park45 parkZ472 flightless parkΔ21 cell death increase park25 cell death decrease park1 park2 neuroanatomy defective park1 park25 chemical sensitive parkΔ21 chemical sensitive (with Df(3L)Pc-MK) parkΔ21 developmental rate defective (with Df(3L)Pc-MK) park13 park25 park45 Sterility Allele sterile parkΔ21 female sterile parkunspecified male sterile park1 parkunspecified male sterile (with Df(3L)Pc-MK) park13 fertile parkc00062 female fertile (with Df(3L)Pc-MK) park13 Phenotype manifest in Allele wing parkΔ21 park1 park2 indirect flight muscle parkΔ21 park25 indirect flight muscle & mitochondrion parkΔ21 indirect flight muscle & nuclear membrane parkΔ21 dorsomedial neurosecretory cell park1 adult somatic muscle park1 park2 adult thorax park1 Nebenkern park1 myofibril & skeletal muscle of thorax park1 mitochondrion & skeletal muscle of thorax park1 dopamine neuron (with Df(3L)Pc-MK) park13 Nebenkern (with Df(3L)Pc-MK) park13 wing (with Df(3L)Pc-MK) park25 mitochondrion (with Df(3L)Pc-MK) park25 myofibril (with Df(3L)Pc-MK) park25 indirect flight muscle (with Df(3L)Pc-MK) park25 neuron park25 adult thorax, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 parkScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC mesothoracic cleft | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 parkScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC
Classical Alleles ( 17 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of park Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion park13 P-element activity 0 Yes park1 P-element activity 0 Yes park25 P-element activity 0 Yes park2 P-element activity 0 Yes park45 P-element activity 0 Yes parkEPLA1 P-element activity 0 Yes parkP21 Δ2-3 0 Yes parkP23 0 Yes parkP24 0 Yes parkP30 Δ2-3 0 Yes parkZ3678 hypomorph ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes parkZ4437 0 Yes parkZ472 hypomorph 0 Yes parkc00062 piggyBac transposase 1 -- parkex68 P-element activity 0 Yes parkunspecified 0 -- parkΔ21 Δ2-3 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 12 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of park Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion park+tR in vitro construct | genomic fragment 0 Yes parkGD5543 in vitro construct | RNAi in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 3 Yes parkK71P.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct | regulatory fusion in vitro construct | coding region fusion in vitro construct | deletion 0 Yes parkScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct | regulatory fusion in vitro construct | coding region fusion 0 Yes parkScer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct | regulatory fusion in vitro construct | coding region fusion 0 Yes parkScer\UAS.cGa in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes parkScer\UAS.cHa in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes parkScer\UAS.cLa in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes parkdsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct | regulatory fusion in vitro construct | RNAi 0 Yes parktSR in vitro construct | site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes parkΔN.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct | regulatory fusion in vitro construct | coding region fusion in vitro construct | deletion 0 Yes parkβTub85D.PC in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Useful deficiency	Df(3L)Pc-MK
Useful duplication	Dp(3;3)M72
Disrupted in	Df(3L)Pc-MK (Greene et al., 2003, Pesah et al., 2004)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD5543} NA P{UAS-park-Myc} NA P{UAS-park.G} NA P{UAS-park.HA} NA P{UAS-park.IR} NA P{UAS-park.K71P-Myc} NA P{UAS-park.L} NA P{UAS-parkin.H} NA P{UAS-Δ-park-Myc} NA characterization construct P{TMR-park.C} NA P{park+tR} NA P{parktSR} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions PBac{PB}parkc00062 NA insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}parkEPLA1 NA P{EP}parkP21 NA P{EP}parkP23 NA P{EP}parkP24 NA P{EP}parkP30 NA
Related Comments
	Please look at the allele reports for the complete phenotype data Inhibition of park leads to a reduction of phospho-Akt levels. (Yang et al., 2005)
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 9 )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
methyltransferase activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002052 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
nucleic acid binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002052 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
ubiquitin-protein ligase activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003977 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
zinc ion binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002867 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
methylation inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002052 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
mitochondrion organization and biogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Greene et al., 2003)
negative regulation of JNK cascade inferred from direct assay (Cha et al., 2005)
response to oxidative stress inferred from mutant phenotype (Whitworth et al., 2005)
ubiquitin cycle inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003977 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	protein_coding_gene   nuclear_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions park allele Gene References unspecified hep (Cha et al., 2005) Traf4 (Cha et al., 2005) bsk (Cha et al., 2005) Pk92B (Cha et al., 2005) GstS1 (Whitworth et al., 2005) Pink1 (Park et al., 2006, Clark et al., 2006) puc (Cha et al., 2005)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - Interaction data, including yeast 2-hybrid and genetic interactions • 65587
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF10184 Dere\GG13257 Dgri\GH16528 Dmoj\GI12208 Dper\GL24602 Dpse\GA10370 Dsec\GM22162 Dsim\GD12138 Dvir\GJ11442 Dwil\GK17374 Dyak\GE22356
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA10370
Linkouts	InParanoid orthologs - Eukaryotic orthologs • ENSANGP00000011460 Anopheles gambiae (Ensembl) ENSBTAP00000025286 Bos taurus (Ensembl) ENSCAFP00000001095 Canis familiaris (Ensembl) NEWSINFRUP00000170794 Takifugu rubripes (Ensembl) ENSGALP00000018834 Gallus gallus (Ensembl) ENSP00000328107 Homo sapiens (Ensembl) ENSMMUP00000026856 Macaca mulatta (Ensembl) ENSMODP00000008064 Monodelphis domestica (Ensembl) ENSPTRP00000032068 Pan troglodytes (Ensembl) ENSRNOP00000048773 Rattus norvegicus (Ensembl) GSTENP00025039001 Tetraodon nigroviridis (Ensembl) WBGene00037713 Caenorhabditis briggsae (Wormbase) WBGene00003967 Caenorhabditis elegans (Wormbase) ZDB-CDNA-050417-110 Danio rerio (Zfin) ZDB-GENE-050417-109 Danio rerio (Zfin) MGI:1355296 Mus musculus (Informatics)
Functional Complementation between Species
Inter-Species Misexpression Data
Produces phenotype in
Produces NO phenotype in
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 4 )
VDRC	v31052 w1118 P{GD5543}v31052 v47636 w1118; P{GD5543}v47636 v47637 w1118; P{GD5543}v47637/CyO
Bloomington	10006 w1118; PBac{PB}parkc00062
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR24H03 BACR02C22
cDNA Clones ( 15 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	SD01679
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	RH38022 AT25577 RE56025 RH41456 AT26021 SD01690 RH35286
Other clones	EK131611 EK131608 EP00761 EK131605 EK145210 EK131602 EK054104
RNAi & Array Information