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Gene Dmel\Hand

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Hand	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Hand	Annotation symbol	CG18144
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0032209
Created / Updated	2003-12-01/2003-12-01
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2L	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	31C6-31C7	Sequence location	2L:10,292,781..10,295,299 [-]
Map ( GBrowse )	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	This gene is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Hand (CG18144, FBgn0032209). It has the cytological map location 31C6-31C7. Its sequence location is 2L:10292781..10295299. Its molecular function is described as: transcription factor activity; transcription activator activity. It is involved in the biological processes: regulation of transcription; embryonic heart tube development; larval heart development; negative regulation of apoptosis; hemopoiesis. 26 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: cardioblast; embryonic pericardial cell; lymph gland primordium; alary cell; larval pericardial cell; lymph gland derived hemocyte; embryonic/larval heart. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide.
External Summaries
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 31C6-31C7   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}me31Bk06607 and P{PZ}nmd08774
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Molecular Map Data
Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology) References Gene Order (overall orientation not stated) References
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Hand for information on other features
Comments on Gene Model
	First exon has homology to mus musculus eHand protein (gi1586414)
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Hand-RA FBtr0080073  NM_135526   525   174
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kD) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Hand-PA   FBpp0079662   20.1   174   10.15     NP_609370   AAF52900
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kD)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts	PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways • FBgn0032209
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Basic helix-loop-helix dimerisation region bHLH (IPR001092) Helix-loop-helix DNA-binding (IPR011598)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE003628 AAF52900   CZ486507
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q9VL05
Maps to
Does NOT map to
Identified with
Mapped Features & Mutations
Please see GBrowse or insertion reports for information on insertions of transgenic constructs and features not listed here Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts	DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs • 7206
Crossreferences
Expression Data
FlyBase-Curated Data
Transcript and Protein data	Please see the FlyBase Gene Expression Report for details of gene expression from the literature.
Summary of Transcript Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Summary of Polypeptide Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0032209 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • FBgn0032209 GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0032209
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | embryonic stage Handko lethal | first instar larval stage Handko lethal | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4how-24B, Scer\GAL4twi.PG HandScer\UAS.cHa lethal | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR HandGD13373 Other Phenotypes Allele small body | first instar larval stage Handko locomotor rhythm defective | first instar larval stage Handko locomotor behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR HandGD13373 flight behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR HandGD13373 cell death increase Handko Phenotype manifest in Allele cardioblast, with Scer\GAL4how-24B, Scer\GAL4twi.PG HandScer\UAS.T:en-Rep embryonic pericardial cell, with Scer\GAL4how-24B, Scer\GAL4twi.PG HandScer\UAS.T:en-Rep lymph gland primordium, with Scer\GAL4how-24B, Scer\GAL4twi.PG HandScer\UAS.T:en-Rep cardioblast, with Scer\GAL4HCH.Hand HandScer\UAS.T:en-Rep embryonic pericardial cell, with Scer\GAL4HCH.Hand HandScer\UAS.T:en-Rep lymph gland primordium, with Scer\GAL4HCH.Hand HandScer\UAS.T:en-Rep cardioblast Handko embryonic pericardial cell Handko lymph gland primordium Handko alary cell Handko larval pericardial cell Handko lymph gland derived hemocyte Handko embryonic/larval heart Handko
Classical Alleles ( 3 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Hand Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion HandN.T:Scer\GAL4 0 Yes Handf03901 piggyBac transposase 2 -- Handko loss of function recombination SCEI endonuclease FLPase 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 23 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Hand Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion HandB.578.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct | coding region fusion 0 Yes HandC.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct | deletion 0 Yes HandCD.2046.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct | coding region fusion 0 Yes HandGD13373 in vitro construct | RNAi in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 1 Yes HandRRR.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct | site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct | amino acid replacement 0 Yes HandRRR.cHa.T:Hsim\VP16 in vitro construct | coding region fusion in vitro construct | site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct | amino acid replacement 0 Yes HandRRR.cHa in vitro construct | amino acid replacement in vitro construct | site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes HandScer\UAS.T:Hsim\VP16 in vitro construct | coding region fusion 0 Yes HandScer\UAS.T:en-Rep in vitro construct | coding region fusion 0 Yes HandScer\UAS.cHa in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes HandcHa.T:Hsim\VP16 in vitro construct | coding region fusion 0 Yes HandcHa.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct | coding region fusion 0 Yes HandcHa.T:en-Rep in vitro construct | coding region fusion 0 Yes HandcHa.ΔC.T:Hsim\VP16 in vitro construct | deletion in vitro construct | coding region fusion 0 Yes HandcHa.ΔN.T:Hsim\VP16 in vitro construct | deletion in vitro construct | coding region fusion 0 Yes Handfl.cHa in vitro construct | other 0 Yes Handko.Scer\SceI.RS in vitro construct | other 0 Yes HandΔC.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct | deletion 0 Yes HandΔC.cHa in vitro construct | deletion 0 Yes HandΔN.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct | deletion 0 Yes HandΔN.cHa in vitro construct | deletion 0 Yes HandΔNC.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct | deletion 0 Yes HandΔNC.cHa in vitro construct | deletion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Useful deficiency	Df(2L)J21
Useful duplication	Dp(2;2)Mdh3
Disrupted in	Df(2L)Exel6026 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2L)Exel7046 (Ryder, 2004.4.26, Han et al., 2006)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD13373} NA P{UAS-Hand.EnR} NA P{UAS-Hand.H} NA P{UAS-Hand.VP16} NA characterization construct P{FRT(whs.Hand.Scer\SceI.RS</up>} NA P{Hand.2046.EGFP.Stinger} NA P{Hand.578.EGFP.Stinger} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions PBac{WH}Handf03901 NA
Related Comments
	Please look at the allele reports for the complete phenotype data
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 8 )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
transcription activator activity inferred from direct assay (Han et al., 2006)
transcription factor activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:twi; FB:FBgn0003900 (Peyrefitte et al., 2001)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
embryonic heart tube development inferred from mutant phenotype (Han et al., 2006)
hemopoiesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Han et al., 2006)
larval heart development inferred from mutant phenotype (Han et al., 2006)
negative regulation of apoptosis inferred from mutant phenotype (Han et al., 2006)
regulation of transcription inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:twi; FB:FBgn0003900 (Peyrefitte et al., 2001)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred by curator from GO:0003700 (Peyrefitte et al., 2001) inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001092, InterPro:IPR011598 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	protein_coding_gene   nuclear_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Hand allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - Interaction data, including yeast 2-hybrid and genetic interactions • 60466
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF14118 Dere\GG23955 Dgri\GH13020 Dmoj\GI18263 Dper\GL18976 Dpse\GA14815 Dsec\GM11834 Dsim\GD22284 Dvir\GJ17522 Dyak\GE26185
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dere\Hand (Han and Olson, 2005) Dpse\GA14815   Dsec\Hand (Han and Olson, 2005) Dvir\Hand (Han and Olson, 2005) Dyak\Hand (Han and Olson, 2005)
Linkouts	InParanoid orthologs - Eukaryotic orthologs • ENSANGP00000013186 Anopheles gambiae (Ensembl) ENSBTAP00000000355 Bos taurus (Ensembl) ENSCAFP00000011616 Canis familiaris (Ensembl) ENSCINP00000011867 Ciona intestinalis (Ensembl) NEWSINFRUP00000135240 Takifugu rubripes (Ensembl) ENSGALP00000017474 Gallus gallus (Ensembl) ENSP00000296507 Homo sapiens (Ensembl) ENSMMUP00000024678 Macaca mulatta (Ensembl) ENSMODP00000004334 Monodelphis domestica (Ensembl) ENSPTRP00000028487 Pan troglodytes (Ensembl) ENSRNOP00000003486 Rattus norvegicus (Ensembl) GSTENP00010137001 Tetraodon nigroviridis (Ensembl) ENSXETP00000036842 Xenopus tropicalis (Ensembl) ZDB-CDNA-041010-142 Danio rerio (Zfin) ZDB-GENE-000511-1 Danio rerio (Zfin) MGI:103580 Mus musculus (Informatics)
Functional Complementation between Species
Inter-Species Misexpression Data
Produces phenotype in
Produces NO phenotype in
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 3 )
Harvard	- PBac{WH}Handf03901
VDRC	v23306 w1118; P{GD13373}v23306
Bloomington	18708 w1118; PBac{WH}Handf03901/CyO
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR30M19 BACR07H08
cDNA Clones ( 0 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
RNAi & Array Information
Affy Oligo
Linkouts	DRSC - RNAi screening (Harvard): high-throughput cell culture data and design • FBgn0032209 GenomeRNAi - RNAi phenotypes (Heidelberg): high-throughput cell culture data • FBgn0032209
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Position Effect Variegation Data
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: Hand CG18144 (Moore et al., 2000)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Comments About Role
	Hand is required for the survival of cardioblasts, pericardial cells and lymph gland hematopoietic progenitors. (Han et al., 2006)
Comments About Molecular Function
	Hand has a heart and hematopoietic (HCH) enhancer located between exons 3 and 4 that drives expression in cardioblasts, embryonic garland cells and the lymph gland primordium. (Han and Olson, 2005)
Other Comments
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_135526 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_609370 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AE003628 AAF52900 CZ486507 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q9VL05
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Basic helix-loop-helix dimerisation region bHLH (IPR001092) Helix-loop-helix DNA-binding (IPR011598)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - Interaction data, including yeast 2-hybrid and genetic interactions • 60466 DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs • 7206 DRSC - RNAi screening (Harvard): high-throughput cell culture data and design • FBgn0032209 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0032209 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • FBgn0032209 FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0032209 GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0032209 GenomeRNAi - RNAi phenotypes (Heidelberg): high-throughput cell culture data • FBgn0032209 InParanoid orthologs - Eukaryotic orthologs • ENSANGP00000013186 Anopheles gambiae (Ensembl) ENSBTAP00000000355 Bos taurus (Ensembl) ENSCAFP00000011616 Canis familiaris (Ensembl) ENSCINP00000011867 Ciona intestinalis (Ensembl) NEWSINFRUP00000135240 Takifugu rubripes (Ensembl) ENSGALP00000017474 Gallus gallus (Ensembl) ENSP00000296507 Homo sapiens (Ensembl) ENSMMUP00000024678 Macaca mulatta (Ensembl) ENSMODP00000004334 Monodelphis domestica (Ensembl) ENSPTRP00000028487 Pan troglodytes (Ensembl) ENSRNOP00000003486 Rattus norvegicus (Ensembl) GSTENP00010137001 Tetraodon nigroviridis (Ensembl) ENSXETP00000036842 Xenopus tropicalis (Ensembl) ZDB-CDNA-041010-142 Danio rerio (Zfin) ZDB-GENE-000511-1 Danio rerio (Zfin) MGI:103580 Mus musculus (Informatics) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /sturtevant/hand1.htm PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways • FBgn0032209 REDfly - Regulatory element database for Drosophila • FBgn0032209
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 7 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG18144 (Peyrefitte et al., 2001, Ledent and Vervoort, 2001, Moore et al., 2000, Spring, 2000.3.29, ) Dhand (Klinedinst and Bodmer, 2003) dHand (Kolsch and Paululat, 2002, Akasaka et al., 2006, Akasaka et al., 2006) dHAND (Oh and Olson, 2002) hand (Sellin and Paululat, 2005, Kolsch and Paululat, 2002, Popichenko et al., 2007, Sellin et al., 2006) Hand (Tao et al., 2007, Han et al., 2006, Varshney and Palmer, 2007, Zaffran et al., 2006, Olson, 2006, Dietzl et al., 2007) HAND (Akasaka et al., 2006)
Name Synonym	Hand
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 31 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 31 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 15 ) Supplementary material  ( 1 ) Review  ( 2 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 5 ) Abstract  ( 6 ) Computer file  ( 2 )
Recent research papers ( 5 )
	Dietzl et al., 2007, Nature 448(7150): 151--156 A genome-wide transgenic RNAi library for conditional gene inactivation in Drosophila. [FBrf0200691] Akasaka et al., 2006, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103(32): 11999--12004 The ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel-encoded dSUR gene is required for Drosophila heart function and is regulated by tinman. [FBrf0193639] Han et al., 2006, Development 133(6): 1175--1182 Hand, an evolutionarily conserved bHLH transcription factor required for Drosophila cardiogenesis and hematopoiesis. [FBrf0190292] Sellin et al., 2006, Gene Expression Patterns 6(4): 360--375 Dynamics of heart differentiation, visualized utilizing heart enhancer elements of the Drosophila melanogaster bHLH transcription factor Hand. [FBrf0190511] Zaffran et al., 2006, Development 133(20): 4073--4083 Cardioblast-intrinsic Tinman activity controls proper diversification and differentiation of myocardial cells in Drosophila. [FBrf0195151] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews ( 1 )
	Olson, 2006, Science 313(5795): 1922--1927 Gene regulatory networks in the evolution and development of the heart. [FBrf0202552] Show all reviews ...