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Gene Dmel\Ark

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Ark	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Apaf-1-related-killer	Annotation symbol	CG6829
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0024252
Created / Updated	2003-12-01/2003-12-01
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2R	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	53E4-53E4	Sequence location	2R:12,907,570..12,914,209 [+]
Map ( GBrowse )	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Apaf-1-related-killer is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Ark (CG6829, FBgn0024252). It has the cytological map location 53E4. Its sequence location is 2R:12907570..12914209. Its molecular function is described as: caspase activator activity; protein binding; ATP binding. It is involved in the biological processes described with 13 unique terms, many of which group under: programmed cell death; anatomical structure development; regulation of apoptosis; regulation of developmental process; sensory organ development; response to DNA damage stimulus; positive regulation of programmed cell death; central nervous system morphogenesis; response to ionizing radiation; sperm individualization. 40 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with 35 unique terms, many of which group under: organ system; nervous system; embryonic nervous system; peripheral nervous system; adult segment; adult mesothoracic segment; larval nervous system; imaginal precursor; embryonic head; nucleus; dorsal thoracic disc; commissure. It has 2 annotated transcripts and 2 annotated polypeptides.
External Summaries
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 53E4-53E4   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)k09837k09837 and P{lacW}l(2)k11405k11405&P{EP}EP641
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 53F-53F   (Kanuka et al., 1999) 53F-53F   (Zhou, 1999.10.19) 53F1-53F1   (Rodriquez, 1999.6.25) 53F-53F   (Kanuka, 1999.5.20) 53F1-53F2   (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Molecular Map Data
Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology) References In direction of increasing cytology: RhoGEF2? Ark- (Rodriguez et al., 1999) Gene Order (overall orientation not stated) References Overall orientation not stated: Ark+ RhoGEF2+ (Hacker and Perrimon, 1998)
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Ark for information on other features
Comments on Gene Model
	DGC clone GH17715 appears problematic: incomplete CDS
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Ark-RA FBtr0086967  NM_166208   1823   531 Ark-RB FBtr0086968  NM_166207   4791   1440
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	7.0 (northern blot) (Kanuka et al., 1999) 5 (northern blot) (Rodriguez et al., 1999) 5.5 (unknown) (Zhou et al., 1999)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kD) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Ark-PA   FBpp0086121   62.3   531   8.15     NP_725638   AAM68488 Ark-PB   FBpp0086122   165.6   1440   6.08     NP_725637   AAF57916
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kD)	1440 (aa) (Rodriguez et al., 1999, Zhou et al., 1999) 1440, 531 (aa) (Kanuka et al., 1999)
Comments	Distinct caspases are activated by the long and short isoforms of Ark protein. (Zhou et al., 1999, Kanuka et al., 1999)
External Data
Linkouts	PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways • FBgn0024252
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • WD40/YVTN repeat-like (IPR015943) NB-ARC (IPR002182) WD40 repeat-like (IPR011046) WD40 repeat (IPR001680)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AB027531 BAA86939   AB027532 BAA86940   AC004335   AE003804 AAF57916   AE003804 AAM68488   AF162659 AAD45988   AF196306 AAF07207   AI387240   AI404010   AQ025966   AW940672   BG633277   BG637228   BT024939   CO279971   CO293388   CO300252   CO330337   CO340659   EC088700   EC212469   EC222131   EC227850   EC246052   EC255872   EL884935   EL885060   GH23583
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q9U8R4 Q7KLI1
Maps to	DS03108 (Rodriguez et al., 1999, Kanuka et al., 1999, Zhou et al., 1999)
Does NOT map to
Identified with	GH17715 (Zhou et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 2000-) GH23583 (Zhou et al., 1999)
Mapped Features & Mutations
Please see GBrowse or insertion reports for information on insertions of transgenic constructs and features not listed here Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts	DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs • 12180
Crossreferences
Expression Data
FlyBase-Curated Data
Transcript and Protein data	Please see the FlyBase Gene Expression Report for details of gene expression from the literature.
Summary of Transcript Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference  embryonic stage | stage 7  embryonic furrow (Zhou et al., 1999)  embryonic stage | stage 10-11  procephalic neurectoderm (Zhou et al., 1999)  embryonic stage   (Kanuka et al., 1999)  larval stage | third instar  eye disc (Kanuka et al., 1999)  embryonic stage-adult stage   (Rodriguez et al., 1999)  embryonic stage,larval stage,pupal stage   (Kanuka et al., 1999)  embryonic stage | early   (Zhou et al., 1999)  embryonic stage | stage 10-11  procephalic mesoderm (Zhou et al., 1999)  embryonic stage | stage 7  ventral neurogenic region (Zhou et al., 1999)  larval stage | third instar  dorsal mesothoracic disc (Kanuka et al., 1999)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Summary of Polypeptide Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Microarray Data
	Developmental timecourse, Costello et al., 2008 (Original data from Arbeitman et al., 2002) AI404010
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0024252 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • FBgn0024252 GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0024252 FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for Ark Stage(s) 7-8 Stage(s) 11-12 Stage(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable | reduced ArkCD4 ArkCD8 lethal | partially | pupal stage ArkL46 ArkN28 ArkP46 lethal | embryonic stage | recessive Arkk11502 lethal | pupal stage Ark1 Ark2 Ark3 Ark4 Ark82 lethal | pupal stage (with Ark1) Ark2 Ark3 Ark4 lethal | pupal stage (with Ark2) Ark1 Ark3 Ark4 lethal | pupal stage (with Ark3) Ark1 Ark2 Ark4 lethal | pupal stage (with Ark4) Ark1 Ark2 Ark3 semi-lethal | larval stage Ark1 semi-lethal | pupal stage | recessive Arkk11502 Other Phenotypes Allele visible Arkk11502 visible | recessive ArkCD4 ArkCD8 ArkDD1 Arkk11502 cell death defective ArkCD4 ArkS.hs cell death defective | partially Arkk11502 cell death defective, with Scer\GAL4Hml.PG ArkB1292A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6,T:Hsap\MYC ArkScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6,T:Hsap\MYC cell death decrease Ark1 Ark2 ArkdsRNA.1-723 ArkdsRNA.134-332 cell death decrease | recessive Arkk11502 cell death decrease | conditional qualifier ArkCD4 cell death decrease | embryonic stage Ark82 cell death decrease | embryonic stage | recessive Arkk11502 chemical resistant ArkdsRNA.cZa radiation resistant ArkdsRNA.cZa Arkk11502 melanotic 'tumor' | recessive ArkCD4 ArkCD8 developmental rate defective Ark1 Sterility Allele female sterile ArkL46 ArkN28 ArkP46 male sterile ArkL46 ArkN28 ArkP46 male sterile | partially | recessive ArkCD4 Phenotype manifest in Allele midline glial cell | ectopic ArkCD4 wing ArkCD4 ArkCD8 macrochaeta ArkCD4 ArkCD8 ArkDD1 Arkk11502 anterior scutellar bristle ArkCD4 ArkCD8 posterior scutellar bristle ArkCD4 ArkCD8 melanotic mass ArkCD4 ArkCD8 Arkk11502 larval central nervous system ArkCD4 Ark1 Ark2 larval brain ArkCD4 Arkk11502 Ark1 Ark2 larval ventral ganglion ArkCD4 Ark1 Ark2 embryonic central nervous system ArkCD4 embryonic epidermis ArkCD4 ventral nerve cord ArkCD4 Ark1 Ark2 embryonic neuroblast ArkCD4 spermatid ArkL46 ArkN28 ArkP46 ArkdsRNA.cHa cystic bulge ArkL46 ArkN28 ArkP46 waste bag ArkL46 ArkN28 ArkP46 ArkdsRNA.cHa melanotic mass (with Arkk11502) ArkP803-Δ15 larval digestive system (with Arkk11502) ArkP803-Δ15 scutellar bristle | ectopic Arkk11502 ommatidium Arkk11502 eye photoreceptor cell Arkk11502 pigment cell Arkk11502 embryonic head Arkk11502 Ark82 dorsal closure embryo Arkk11502 embryonic brain Arkk11502 macrochaeta | supernumerary Arkk11502 sensory mother cell | supernumerary Arkk11502 eo neuron | supernumerary Arkk11502 thecogen cell | supernumerary Arkk11502 larval digestive system Arkk11502 larval salivary gland Arkk11502 Ark1 Ark2 melanotic mass (with Df(2R)BSC49) Arkk11502 larval digestive system (with Df(2R)BSC49) Arkk11502 melanotic mass (with ArkP803-Δ15) Arkk11502 larval digestive system (with ArkP803-Δ15) Arkk11502 embryo Ark82 salivary gland Ark82 nucleus Ark82 dorsal mesothoracic disc Ark1 Ark2 eye disc Ark1 Ark2 chordotonal organ precursor cell Ark1 Ark2 ventral nerve cord commissure Ark1 Ark2
Classical Alleles ( 16 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Ark Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Ark1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Ark2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Ark3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Ark4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Ark82 loss of function 1 Yes ArkCD4 amorph, hypomorph P-element activity 2 Yes ArkCD8 hypomorph P-element activity 1 Yes ArkDD1 P-element activity 1 Yes ArkG8 loss of function 0 Yes ArkH16 loss of function 0 Yes ArkL46 loss of function ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ArkN28 loss of function ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ArkP46 loss of function ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ArkP803-Δ15 Δ2-3 0 Yes Arkk11502 hypomorph P-element activity 2 Yes Arkunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 24 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Ark Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Ark1-411.MtnA.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes Ark1-411.MtnA.T:Uuuu\T7 in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes ArkB1292A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6,T:Hsap\MYC hypermorph in vitro construct | regulatory fusion in vitro construct | coding region fusion in vitro construct | site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes ArkGD12048 in vitro construct | RNAi in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 2 Yes ArkL.hs.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct | regulatory fusion in vitro construct | coding region fusion 0 Yes ArkL.hs in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes ArkS.hs.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct | regulatory fusion in vitro construct | coding region fusion 0 Yes ArkS.hs in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes ArkScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct | regulatory fusion in vitro construct | coding region fusion 0 Yes ArkScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct | regulatory fusion in vitro construct | coding region fusion 0 Yes ArkScer\UAS.cIa in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes Arka.cIa in vitro construct | other in vitro construct | RNAi 0 Yes ArkcIa in vitro construct | other in vitro construct | RNAi 0 Yes ArkdsRNA.1-723 in vitro construct | RNAi 0 Yes ArkdsRNA.134-332 in vitro construct | RNAi 0 Yes ArkdsRNA.1561-2821 in vitro construct | RNAi 0 Yes ArkdsRNA.84-811 in vitro construct | RNAi 0 Yes ArkdsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct | regulatory fusion in vitro construct | RNAi 0 Yes ArkdsRNA.cDa in vitro construct | RNAi 0 Yes ArkdsRNA.cHa in vitro construct | RNAi 0 Yes ArkdsRNA.cMa in vitro construct | RNAi 0 Yes ArkdsRNA.cZa in vitro construct | RNAi 0 Yes Arkfl.MtnA.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes ArkmiRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct | RNAi in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Useful duplication	Dp(2;Y)53D;57C
Disrupted in	Df(2R)Exel6065 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2R)P803-Δ15 (Mills et al., 2006)
Not disrupted in	Df(2R)ED1 (Mills et al., 2006)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD12048} NA P{UAS-Ark.B1292A} NA P{UAS-Ark.WT} NA P{UAS-Ark.miRNA} NA characterization construct P{Tub-Ark-RNAi} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}ArkCD4 No P{lacW}ArkCD8 No P{lacW}ArkDD1 No P{lacW}Arkk11502 Yes P{lacW}l(2)SH2079SH2079 No
Related Comments
	Please look at the allele reports for the complete phenotype data Removal of Ark results in profound developmental defects and lethality. (Mills et al., 2006) Loss of function mutations in Ark attenuate programmed cell deaths during development, resulting in hyperplasia of the central nervous system and other abnormalities including melanotic tumours and defective wings. (Rodriguez et al., 1999) Loss of function mutations of Ark show reduced cell death and caspase activities in embryos. (Kanuka et al., 1999) Loss of Ark function causes reduced cell death. (Zhou et al., 1999) Loss of Ark function results in pronounced inhibition of stress-induced apoptosis, but not rpr or grim induced apoptosis. (Zimmermann et al., 2002)
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 16 )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
ATP binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002182 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
caspase activator activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with HGNC_gene:APAF1; HGNC:576; OMIM:602233 (Kanuka et al., 1999) traceable author statement (Gorski and Marra, 2002)
protein binding traceable author statement (Richardson and Kumar, 2002)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
apoptosis traceable author statement (Kumar and Doumanis, 2000) traceable author statement (Meier et al., 2000) traceable author statement (Richardson and Kumar, 2002) non-traceable author statement (Lawen, 2003) traceable author statement (Bergmann et al., 2003)
caspase activation inferred from sequence or structural similarity with HGNC_gene:APAF1; HGNC:576; OMIM:602233 AND inferred from sequence or structural similarity with WB:ced-4; WP:CE01203 (Kanuka et al., 1999) inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Dredd; FB:FBgn0020381 AND inferred from sequence or structural similarity with HGNC_gene:APAF1; HGNC:576; OMIM:602233