Gene Dmel\Dref

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General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Dref

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

DNA replication-related element factor

Annotation symbol

CG5838

Feature type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0015664

Created / Updated

2005-09-09/2005-09-09

Genomic Location

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

Cytogenetic map

30F2-30F3

Sequence location

2L:9,964,147..9,967,455 [-]

Map ( GBrowse )

Summary Information

Automatically generated summary

See sections below for more information

The gene DNA replication-related element factor is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dref (CG5838, FBgn0015664). It has the cytological map location 30F2-30F3. Its sequence location is 2L:9964147..9967455. Its molecular function is described as: transcription factor activity; DNA binding. It is involved in the biological processes: regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; DNA replication; mitochondrial DNA replication; regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; regulation of cell cycle; mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis. 17 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: eye; ommatidium; melanotic mass; wing; dorsal mesothoracic disc; wing vein L5; wing margin; interommatidial bristle; eye disc. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide.

External Summaries

Detailed Mapping Data

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

30F2-30F3

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG5899^EP701 and P{EP}CG4747^EP594&P{lacW}l(2)k13305^k13305

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

30F-30F

(Hirose, 1998.1.31)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

(Hirose, 1998.1.31)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Molecular Map Data

Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology)

References

Gene Order (overall orientation not stated)

References

Overall orientation not stated: RpL13- Dref+

(Kwon et al., 2003)

Gene Model & Products

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Dref for information on other features

Comments on Gene Model

5' terminus determined by primer extension (FBrf0086456)

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Associated CDS (aa)

Dref-RA

FBtr0079889

NM_078805

3098

709

Additional Transcript Data & Comments

Reported size (kB)

2.9 (northern blot)

(Hirose et al., 1996)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kD)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank protein

Dref-PA

FBpp0079485

80.7

709

5.71

NP_523529

AAF52841

Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments

Reported size (kD)

701 (aa); 80 (kD predicted)

(Hirose et al., 1996)

709 (aa)

(Takahashi et al., 1999)

Comments

External Data

Linkouts

PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways

•

FBgn0015664

Crossreferences

InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites

•

Zinc finger, BED-type predicted (IPR003656)

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

DDBJ /
EMBL /
GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

Name

Maps to

Does NOT map to

Identified with

LD24482

(BDGP Project Members, 2000-)

Mapped Features & Mutations

Please see GBrowse or insertion reports for information on insertions of transgenic constructs and features not listed here

Type

Symbol & Location

Additional Notes

References

External Data

Linkouts

DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs

•

7077

Crossreferences

Expression Data

FlyBase-Curated Data

Transcript and
Protein data

Please see the FlyBase Gene Expression Report for details of gene expression from the literature.

Summary of Transcript Expression

Stage

Tissue/Position

Reference

embryonic stage-adult stage

(Hirose et al., 1996)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Summary of Polypeptide Expression

Stage

Tissue/Position

Reference

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

nucleus

(Hirose et al., 1996)

External Data & Images

Linkouts

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

•

FBgn0015664

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

•

FBgn0015664

GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies

•

FBgn0015664

Alleles & Phenotypes

Summary of Allele Phenotypes

Lethality

Allele

viable

Dref^CB02226

viable, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PS

lethal | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^32B

Dref^{dsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS}

lethal | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^T80

Dref^{dsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS}

lethal | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PHb

Dref^{dsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS}

lethal | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4¹⁴⁰⁷

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^32B

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^T80

Dref^{dsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS}

lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

Dref^{dsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS}

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

Dref^{dsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS}

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^hs.PB

Dref^CR1.Scer\UAS

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

lethal, with Scer\GAL4³⁷³⁵

Other Phenotypes

Allele

visible, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

visible, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Dll-md23

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PS

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Act88F.PD

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

visible, with Scer\GAL4¹⁸⁵⁴

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

cell death increase, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

cell death increase, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

melanotic 'tumor' | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

Dref^{dsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS}

melanotic 'tumor', with Scer\GAL4¹⁴⁰⁷

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

melanotic 'tumor', with Scer\GAL4^hs.PB

Dref^CR1.Scer\UAS

melanotic 'tumor', with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

Sterility

Allele

fertile, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PS

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

melanotic mass, with Scer\GAL4^hs.PB

Dref^CR1.Scer\UAS

larval salivary gland & embryo, with Scer\GAL4^l(1)BP-1

Dref^CR1.Scer\UAS

eye disc, with Scer\GAL4^l(1)BP-1

Dref^CR1.Scer\UAS

eye, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PS

ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PS

interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PS

eye

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

melanotic mass, with Scer\GAL4¹⁴⁰⁷

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

melanotic mass, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

eye, with Scer\GAL4^Act88F.PD

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4^Act88F.PD

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

eye, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

eye, with Scer\GAL4¹⁸⁵⁴

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4¹⁸⁵⁴

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

wing | posterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

dorsal mesothoracic disc | posterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

wing vein L5 | distal, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

wing, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

dorsal mesothoracic disc | dorsal, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

wing margin, with Scer\GAL4^Dll-md23

Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa

wing, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

wing vein L5, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

Dref^{dsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS}

Classical Alleles ( 3 )

For All Classical Alleles Show

Allele of Dref	Mutagen	Stocks	Known lesion
Dref^CB02226	P-element activity	0	Yes
Dref^EP460	P-element activity	0	--
Dref^KG09294	P-element activity	1	--

Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 14 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Allele of Dref	Mutagen	Stocks	Known lesion
Dref^1-212.dsRNA	in vitro construct \| RNAi	0	Yes
Dref^1-723.dsRNA	in vitro construct \| RNAi	0	Yes
Dref^Act5C.PL	in vitro construct \| regulatory fusion	0	Yes
Dref^CR1.Scer\UAS	in vitro construct \| regulatory fusion	0	Yes
Dref^CR2.Scer\UAS	in vitro construct \| regulatory fusion	0	Yes
Dref^CR3.Scer\UAS	in vitro construct \| regulatory fusion	0	Yes
Dref^GD11784	in vitro construct \| RNAi in vitro construct \| regulatory fusion	2	Yes
Dref^MtnA.PH	in vitro construct \| regulatory fusion	0	Yes
Dref^Scer\UAS.cSa	in vitro construct \| regulatory fusion	0	Yes
Dref^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS.cHa}	in vitro construct \| regulatory fusion in vitro construct \| RNAi	0	--
Dref^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS.cUa}	in vitro construct \| regulatory fusion in vitro construct \| RNAi	0	Yes
Dref^{dsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS}	in vitro construct \| regulatory fusion in vitro construct \| RNAi	0	Yes
Dref^{dsRNA.t-t.Scer\UAS}	in vitro construct \| regulatory fusion in vitro construct \| RNAi	0	Yes
Dref^fl.Scer\UAS	in vitro construct \| regulatory fusion	0	Yes

Aneuploid Aberrations

Useful duplication

Dp(2;2)Mdh3

Transgenic Constructs & Insertions

Transgenic Constructs

Type of construct

Name

Expression data

UAS construct

characterization construct

P{Dref-luc.-1080}

P{Dref-luc.-1130.+220}

P{Dref-luc.-1130.mut6}

P{Dref-luc.-1130.mut7}

P{Dref-luc.-1130}

P{Dref-luc.DREIIImut}

Insertions

Type of insertions

Name

Expression data

miscellaneous insertions

P{PTT-GB}Dref^CB02226

P{SUPor-P}Dref^KG09294

insertion of enhancer trap

P{lacW}l(2)SH2147^SH2147

insertion of mobile activating element

P{EP}Dref^EP460

P{GSV1}EP-108^EP-108

Related Comments

Please look at the allele reports for the complete phenotype data

Specific binding factor that binds to the 8bp palindrome required for high expression of DNApol-α and mus209. The 86kD gene product has been purified.

(Hirose et al., 1993)

DNApol-α180 and mus209 are negatively regulated by zen protein. This repression is mediated by the DRE (DNA replication-related element) sites in the DNApol-α180 and mus209 promoters. The amount of Dref is reduced in transfected Kc cells expressing zen, suggesting that zen represses expression of DNA replication-related genes by reducing the amount of Dref.

(Hirose et al., 1994)

A Dref cDNA has been cloned and sequenced. Deletion analysis indicates that part of the N-terminal basic amino acid region is responsible for the specific binding of Dref to the DNA replication-related element (DRE).

(Hirose et al., 1996)

Analysis of DNApol-α73-Ecol\CAT deletion constructs shows that full promoter activity is located within the region from -285 to +129bp of DNApol-α73. Three DREs (DNA-replication related elements) are located within this region, and DNA footprinting analysis shows that Dref can bind to all three sites. Mutation of any one of the DRE sites causes extensive reductions in promoter activity and Dref binding to the promoter fragment.

(Takahashi et al., 1996)

RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene results in chromosome misalignment on the metaphase spindle when assayed in S2 cells. This phenotype can be observed when the screen is performed with or without Cdc27 dsRNA.

(Goshima et al., 2007)

Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 9 )

Molecular Function

CV term

Evidence

References

DNA binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003656

(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)

transcription factor activity

traceable author statement

(Garesse and Vallejo, 2001)