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Gene Dmel\yl

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\yl	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	yolkless	Annotation symbol	CG1372
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0004649
Created / Updated	2003-12-01/2003-12-01
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	X	Recombination map	1-48
Cytogenetic map	12E3-12E3	Sequence location	X:14,087,252..14,093,996 [+]
Map ( GBrowse )	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene yolkless is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol yl (CG1372, FBgn0004649). It has the cytological map location 12E3. Its sequence location is X:14087252..14093996. Its molecular function is described as: vitellogenin receptor activity; structural constituent of ribosome; calcium ion binding. It is involved in the biological processes: vitellogenesis; oogenesis; translation. 39 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: yolk granule; adult hemolymph; egg; coated pit; coated vesicle; chorion; stage S10 oocyte; stage S13 oocyte; stage S14 oocyte. It has 2 annotated transcripts and 2 annotated polypeptides.
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	yl: yolkless Female-sterile locus affecting late oogenesis. Eggs of mutants lack proteinaceous yolk and collapse; ultrastructurally abnormal chorion at anterior end and especially at base of respiratory filaments. No abnormality detectable in chorion protein synthesis. Uptake of the three yolk proteins by yl oocytes is severely reduced, although the proteins accumulate in the hemolymph.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 12E3-12E3   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1595EP1595 and P{EP}l(1)G0007EP764
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 12E4-12E8   (Schonbaum, 1994.8.15)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	1-48   1- (Mohler, 1977)
Left of (cM)	f (Mohler, 1977)
Right of (cM)	v (Mohler, 1977)
Notes
Molecular Map Data
Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology) References In direction of increasing cytology: yl? anon-12Ea? anon-12Eb? (Schonbaum et al., 1995) Gene Order (overall orientation not stated) References
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\yl for information on other features
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) yl-RA FBtr0073897  NM_078596   6351   1937 yl-RB FBtr0073898  NM_206710   6270   1984
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	6.5 (northern blot) (Schonbaum et al., 1995)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kD) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein yl-PA   FBpp0073714   215.0   1937   6.18     NP_511151   AAF48349 yl-PB   FBpp0073715   219.5   1984   6.15     NP_996433   AAS65339
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kD)	1984 (aa); 210 (kD observed); 220 (kD predicted) (Schonbaum et al., 1995)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts	PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways • FBgn0004649
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Six-bladed beta-propeller, TolB-like (IPR011042) Low-density lipoprotein receptor, YWTD repeat (IPR000033) Aspartic acid and asparagine hydroxylation site (IPR000152) EGF-like, type 3 (IPR000742) Ribosomal protein S14 (IPR001209) EGF-like calcium-binding (IPR001881) Low density lipoprotein-receptor, class A, cysteine-rich (IPR002172) EGF-like (IPR006209) EGF (IPR006210) EGF-like region, conserved site (IPR013032) EGF calcium-binding (IPR013091)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA391202   AA801761   AA804060   AA942441   AA952128   AE003495 AAF48349   AE003495 AAS65339   AI514427   BI230095   BI351754   BI352384   BI352894   BI353341   BI353498   BI354492   BI355532   BI372254   BQ103127   BT003478 AAO39481   CO293096   EC063800   U13637 AAB60217
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P98163
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Maps to
Does NOT map to
Identified with	RE59172 (BDGP Project Members, 2000-)
Mapped Features & Mutations
Please see GBrowse or insertion reports for information on insertions of transgenic constructs and features not listed here Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts	DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs • 2816
Crossreferences
Expression Data
FlyBase-Curated Data
Transcript and Protein data	Please see the FlyBase Gene Expression Report for details of gene expression from the literature.
Summary of Transcript Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference  oogenesis stage,adult stage | female  ovary (Schonbaum et al., 1995)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Summary of Polypeptide Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Microarray Data
	Developmental timecourse, Costello et al., 2008 (Original data from Arbeitman et al., 2002) AA804060
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0004649 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • FBgn0004649 GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0004649
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | embryonic stage | maternal effect | recessive ylunspecified Sterility Allele female sterile yl14 yl15 yl16 yl17 yl18 yl19 yl20 yl21 yl22 yl23 yl24 yl25 yl26 yl27 female sterile | recessive yl11 yl12 yl13 yl14 yl15 yl16 yl17 yl18 yl1922 yl1976 yl19 yl1 yl20 yl21 yl22 yl23 yl24 yl25 yl262b yl26 yl27 yl2 yl3 yl4 yl5 yl7 yl8 yl9 ylICR756 ylunspecified female sterile soma-dependent yl11 Phenotype manifest in Allele yolk granule yl1 yl11 yl13 yl15 yl16 yl19 yl1922 yl20 yl21 yl22 yl23 yl24 yl25 yl26 yl262b yl27 ylICR756 adult hemolymph | female yl1 yl11 yl13 yl15 yl16 yl17 yl18 yl19 yl1922 yl20 yl21 yl22 yl23 yl24 yl25 yl26 yl262b yl27 yl9 ylICR756 chorion yl14 yl15 yl16 yl17 yl18 yl19 yl20 yl21 yl22 yl23 yl24 yl25 yl26 yl27 stage S10 oocyte & clathrin-coated vesicle yl15 stage S10 oocyte yl262b stage S13 oocyte yl262b stage S14 oocyte yl262b coated pit yl262b yl9 coated vesicle yl262b yl9 egg yl9 egg | maternal effect ylunspecified
Classical Alleles ( 35 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of yl Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion yl10 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl11 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl12 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl13 ethyl methanesulfonate 2 -- yl14 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl15 ethyl methanesulfonate 2 -- yl16 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl17 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl18 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl1922 0 -- yl1976 0 -- yl19 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl20 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl21 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl22 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl23 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl24 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl25 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl262b 0 -- yl26 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl27 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl28 0 -- yl29 0 -- yl2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- yl9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ylICR756 0 -- ylKG02247 P-element activity 1 -- ylunspecified ethyl methanesulfonate 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of yl Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion yl+t9 in vitro construct | genomic fragment 0 Yes ylGD14480 in vitro construct | RNAi in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 2 Yes ylGD148 in vitro construct | RNAi in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes ylGD2644 in vitro construct | RNAi in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 1 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Useful deficiency	Df(1)KA9   Df(1)RK2
Disrupted in	Df(1)KA9 (Waring et al., 1983, Schonbaum et al., 1995, Mitchell et al., 1996) Df(1)g (Waring et al., 1983, Schonbaum et al., 1995)
Not disrupted in	Df(1)NP5 (Mitchell et al., 1996, Mitchell, 1997.2.17) Df(1)RK4 (Mitchell et al., 1996) Df(1)RK5 (Mitchell et al., 1996)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data reporter construct P{yl-lacZ.CHZY191} No P{yl-lacZ.CHZY195} No P{yl-lacZ.CHZY196} No UAS construct P{GD14480} NA P{GD148} NA P{GD2644} NA characterization construct P{WY173} NA P{grk-yl.TMC} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions P{SUPor-P}ylKG02247 NA
Related Comments
	Please look at the allele reports for the complete phenotype data Located in 12E1-12F1 by deficiency mapping. (DiMario and Mahowald, 1987) Whereas in wild type ovarian follicles the Golgi apparatus and yolk spheres are preferentially labelled by osmium zinc iodide, in mutant follicles the Golgi apparatus and nearby vesicles showed dramatically reduced staining. (Giorgi et al., 1993) yl has been molecularly characterised: the yl protein is the yolk protein receptor and is a member of the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) superfamily. (Schonbaum et al., 1995)
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 10 )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
calcium ion binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001881 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
structural constituent of ribosome inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001209 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
vitellogenin receptor activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Schonbaum et al., 1995) non-traceable author statement (Schonbaum, 1994.8.15)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
oogenesis non-traceable author statement (Perrimon et al., 1986) traceable author statement (Mahowald, 2001)
translation inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001209 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
vitellogenesis non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1999.7.15)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
coated vesicle inferred from direct assay (Sommer et al., 2005)
cytoplasmic vesicle inferred from direct assay (Sommer et al., 2005)
membrane inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000033 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
ribosome inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001209 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	protein_coding_gene   nuclear_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions yl allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - Interaction data, including yeast 2-hybrid and genetic interactions • 58737
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF19243 Dere\GG17831 Dgri\GH17685 Dmoj\GI21507 Dper\GL14843 Dpse\GA12483 Dsec\GM17661 Dsim\GD17160 Dvir\GJ19044 Dwil\GK20043 Dyak\GE17125
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA12483
Linkouts	InParanoid orthologs - Eukaryotic orthologs • ENSANGP00000020798 Anopheles gambiae (Ensembl)
Functional Complementation between Species
Inter-Species Misexpression Data
Produces phenotype in
Produces NO phenotype in
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 8 )
VDRC	v4309 w1118; P{GD2644}v4309 v36345 w1118; P{GD14480}v36345 v36346 w1118; P{GD14480}v36346/TM3
Bloomington	4320 yl13 v24/FM3 12886 y1 P{SUPor-P}ylKG02247 4612 y1 cv1 v1 yl15 f1/FM0
Kyoto	107686 yl13 v24/FM3 107821 y1 cv1 v1 yl15 f1/FM0
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR12J05
cDNA Clones ( 17 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	RE59172
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GM21214 GM23907 LD10426 GM15375 GM12695 GM27026 LD40932 LD29201 LD26669 GM12931 GM15992 GM23189 GM31261 GM19046
Other clones	EK201709 UUGC0525
RNAi & Array Information
Affy Oligo
Linkouts	DRSC - RNAi screening (Harvard): high-throughput cell culture data and design • FBgn0004649 GenomeRNAi - RNAi phenotypes (Heidelberg): high-throughput cell culture data • FBgn0004649
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Schonbaum et al., 1995)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Position Effect Variegation Data
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: yl CG1372 (Zhong, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Comments About Role
Comments About Molecular Function
Other Comments
	Females homozygous for amorphic alleles of yl lack coated vesicles which are involved in receptor mediated exocytosis. (Perrimon et al., 1986) yl is part of a phylogenetic reconstruction of the LDLR-family class A clusters using parsimony. (Sappington and Raikhel, 1998)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_078596 NM_206710 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_511151 NP_996433 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AE003495 AAS65339 AAF48349 BI372254 BT003478 AAO39481 U13637 AAB60217 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P98163
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Six-bladed beta-propeller, TolB-like (IPR011042) Low-density lipoprotein receptor, YWTD repeat (IPR000033) Aspartic acid and asparagine hydroxylation site (IPR000152) EGF-like, type 3 (IPR000742) Ribosomal protein S14 (IPR001209) EGF-like calcium-binding (IPR001881) Low density lipoprotein-receptor, class A, cysteine-rich (IPR002172) EGF-like (IPR006209) EGF (IPR006210) EGF-like region, conserved site (IPR013032) EGF calcium-binding (IPR013091)
Linkouts