• Home
• Tools
  • BLAST
  • GBrowse
  • QueryBuilder
  • TermLink
  • ImageBrowse
  • Interactions Browser
  • Apollo
  • CytoSearch
  • QuickSearch
  • Batch Download
  • Coordinate Converter
  • Google™ FlyBase
  • Find A Person
  • Update An Address
  • Add A New Person
• Files
  • Downloads:
  • Precomputed files
  • Archived data
  • Releases FTP
  • Genomes FTP
  • Lists:
  • Transposons (Dmel)
  • Transposons (other)
  • Vectors & Constructs
  • Anatomical Terms
  • Map Conversion
• Species
  • Phylogeny
  • Synteny Table
  • Drosophilidae
  • Abbreviations
• Documents
  • About FlyBase
  • Reference Manual:
  • Sections
  • Contents
  • Nomenclature
  • Release Notes
• Resources
  • All resources
  • Interactive Fly
  • Textpresso for Fly
  • AAA site
  • BDGP
  • DHGP
  • DGRC
  • Model Organisms
  • Stock Collections:
  • Bloomington
  • DrosDel
  • Ehime
  • Exelixis (Harvard)
  • GDP (Baylor)
  • Kyoto
  • NIG-Fly
  • Szeged
  • Tucson
  • VDRC
• News
  • News
  • FlyBase Forum
  • FlyBase Positions
  • Meetings
  • Courses
  • Fly Board
  • White papers
  • Funding
  • bionet.dros
• Help
  • Google™ FlyBase
  • Site Map
  • FAQs
  • Report help
  • New to Flies
  • Pers. comm.
  • Author guidelines
  • Known Problems
  • Contact FlyBase
• Archives
  • Prior Home Page
  • R4.3 BLAST
  • R4.3 GBrowse
  • Older Archives

Gene Dmel\18w

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\18w	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	18 wheeler	Annotation symbol	CG8896
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0004364
Created / Updated	2003-12-01/2003-12-01
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2R	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	56F8-56F8	Sequence location	2R:15,999,016..16,004,437 [+]
Map ( GBrowse )	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene 18 wheeler is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol 18w (CG8896, FBgn0004364). It has the cytological map location 56F8. Its sequence location is 2R:15999016..16004437. Its molecular function is described as: transmembrane receptor activity; protein binding. It is involved in the biological processes: cell adhesion; anatomical structure morphogenesis; immune response; signal transduction; defense response; embryonic morphogenesis; multicellular organismal development; antibacterial humoral response; innate immune response. 18 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: leg; antenna; wing; haltere. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide.
External Summaries
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 56F8-56F8   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)k08002k08002 and P{lacW}Ate1k10809
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 56F6-56F9 (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Spradling et al., 1999) 56F8-56F12 (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Eldon and Bellen, 1992.4.17) 56F6-56F9   (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) 56F6-56F9 (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Eldon and Bellen, 1992)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Molecular Map Data
Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology) References Gene Order (overall orientation not stated) References
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\18w for information on other features
Comments on Gene Model
	DGC clone appears problematic: incomplete CDS. Truncated at 5' end.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) 18w-RA FBtr0086309  NM_057466   5422   1385
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	5.6 (northern blot) (Eldon et al., 1994, Chiang and Beachy, 1994)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kD) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein 18w-PA   FBpp0085620   154.8   1385   6.43     NP_476814   AAF57509
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kD)	1389 (aa); 155 (kD predicted) (Eldon et al., 1994) 1385 (aa) (Chiang and Beachy, 1994)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts	PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways • FBgn0004364
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Toll-Interleukin receptor (IPR000157) Cysteine-rich flanking region, C-terminal (IPR000483) Leucine-rich repeat (IPR001611) Leucine-rich repeat, typical subtype (IPR003591) Interleukin-1 receptor, type I/Toll precursor (IPR004075) Leucine-rich repeat, cysteine-rich flanking region, N-terminal (IPR000372)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA802497   AC004428   AC005286   AE003793 AAF57509   AI403917   AQ025714   AY051592 AAK93016   CO177657   CO276202   CO276905   CO280745   DQ138938 ABA86544   EC084810   EC209091   EC220361   EC221965   EC222769   EC224860   EC254204   EC257922   L23171 AAA79208   S76155 AAB33383
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q24591 Q2XXS4 Q7JPR9 Q961H0 A1ZBR2
Maps to	DS08132 (FlyBase, 1992-)
Does NOT map to
Identified with	GH23463 (BDGP Project Members, 2000-)
Mapped Features & Mutations
Please see GBrowse or insertion reports for information on insertions of transgenic constructs and features not listed here Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts	DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs • 11794
Crossreferences
Expression Data
FlyBase-Curated Data
Transcript and Protein data	Please see the FlyBase Gene Expression Report for details of gene expression from the literature.
Summary of Transcript Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference  embryonic stage | stage 11  embryonic central nervous system | primordium (Chiang and Beachy, 1994)  embryonic stage | stage >=12  embryonic/larval dorsal vessel (Eldon et al., 1994)  embryonic stage | stage 11  salivary gland placode (Eldon et al., 1994)  embryonic stage | stage >=14  dorsal mesothoracic disc | presumptive (Chiang and Beachy, 1994)  embryonic stage | stage 8  amnioproctodeal invagination (Eldon et al., 1994)  embryonic stage | stage 11  ventral midline (Eldon et al., 1994)  embryonic stage | stage 15,16  ventriculus (Eldon et al., 1994)  embryonic stage | stage 7-11   (Chiang and Beachy, 1994)  embryonic stage | stage 15-16  embryonic/larval pharynx | dorsal (Eldon et al., 1994)  embryonic stage | stage >=12  tracheal system (Eldon et al., 1994)  embryonic stage | stage >=12  embryonic/larval salivary gland (Eldon et al., 1994)  embryonic stage | stage 11  tracheal pit (Eldon et al., 1994)  embryonic stage | stage 5   (Chiang and Beachy, 1994)  embryonic stage | stage 8  cephalic furrow (Eldon et al., 1994)  embryonic stage | stage >=14  dorsal metathoracic disc | presumptive (Chiang and Beachy, 1994)  embryonic stage | stage 6-10   (Eldon et al., 1994)  embryonic stage | stage 12  anal plate (Eldon et al., 1994)  embryonic stage | stage 12  labral segment (Eldon et al., 1994)  embryonic stage | stage 15,16  anal pad (Eldon et al., 1994)  embryonic stage-adult stage   (Tauszig et al., 2000)  embryonic stage | stage 16  antennal sense organ (Chiang and Beachy, 1994)  embryonic stage | stage 12  embryonic/larval posterior spiracle (Eldon et al., 1994)  embryonic stage | stage >=12  labral segment (Chiang and Beachy, 1994)  embryonic stage | stage 16  embryonic/larval dorsal vessel (Chiang and Beachy, 1994)  embryonic stage | stage 15  embryonic/larval hindgut (Eldon et al., 1994)  embryonic stage | stage >=12  embryonic/larval posterior spiracle (Chiang and Beachy, 1994)  embryonic stage | stage 16  maxillary palp sense organ (Chiang and Beachy, 1994)  embryonic stage | stage >=12  embryonic/larval anterior spiracle (Chiang and Beachy, 1994)  embryonic stage | stage >=14  anal plate (Chiang and Beachy, 1994)  embryonic stage | stage >=12  tracheal pit (Chiang and Beachy, 1994)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Summary of Polypeptide Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term	plasma membrane (Eldon et al., 1994)
Microarray Data
	Developmental timecourse, Costello et al., 2008 (Original data from Arbeitman et al., 2002) AI403917
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0004364 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • FBgn0004364 GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0004364
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable 18wΔ1-12 lethal | recessive 18w00053 18wk02701 18wΔ1-11 18wΔ1-14 18wΔ1-15 18wΔ1-24 18wΔ2-62 18wΔ2-63 18wΔ6-81 18wΔ7-35 18wΔ7-43 lethal | larval stage | recessive 18wΔ1-82 18wΔ7-35 Other Phenotypes Allele wild-type 18wΔ1-12 immune response defective | recessive 18wΔ7-35 Phenotype manifest in Allele leg 18wΔ1-82 18wΔ7-35 antenna 18wΔ1-82 18wΔ7-35 wing 18wΔ1-82 18wΔ7-35 haltere 18wΔ1-82 18wΔ7-35
Classical Alleles ( 14 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of 18w Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion 18w00053 hypomorph P-element activity 0 Yes 18wk02701 P-element activity 2 -- 18wunspecified 0 -- 18wΔ1-11 loss of function Δ2-3 0 Yes 18wΔ1-12 wild-type allele Δ2-3 P-element activity 0 Yes 18wΔ1-14 loss of function Δ2-3 0 Yes 18wΔ1-15 loss of function Δ2-3 0 Yes 18wΔ1-24 loss of function Δ2-3 0 Yes 18wΔ1-82 loss of function Δ2-3 0 Yes 18wΔ2-62 loss of function Δ2-3 0 Yes 18wΔ2-63 loss of function Δ2-3 0 Yes 18wΔ6-81 loss of function Δ2-3 0 Yes 18wΔ7-35 loss of function Δ2-3 P-element activity 2 Yes 18wΔ7-43 loss of function Δ2-3 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of 18w Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion 18wGD14418 in vitro construct | RNAi in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes 18wGD17 in vitro construct | RNAi in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 3 Yes 18wGD2513 in vitro construct | RNAi in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 2 Yes 18wfl.cEa in vitro construct | other 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Useful deficiency	Df(2R)017
Useful duplication	Dp(2;Y)53D;57C
Disrupted in	Df(2R)017 (Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) Df(2R)BSC22 (Deal-Herr and Cook, 2002.9.10)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD14418} NA P{GD17} NA P{GD2513} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap P{A92}Q26b Yes P{PZ}18w00053 Yes P{lacW}18wk02701 No P{lacW}l(2)SH1382SH1382 No insertion of mobile activating element P{GSV1}EP-709EP-709 NA
Related Comments
	Please look at the allele reports for the complete phenotype data Molecular and phenotypic analysis suggests 18w participates in the developmental program specified by segmentation and homeotic genes as a cell adhesion or receptor molecule that facilitates cell movements. (Eldon et al., 1994) 18w open reading frame encodes a protein with significant similarities to both Tl and chp. (Eldon et al., 1991) 18w encodes a protein that contains multiple leucine rich motifs (LRR) in its presumed extracellular domain. 18w may be involved in cell-to-cell interactions. (Chiang and Beachy, 1994) The 18w protein functions as a receptor mediating intercellular communication during various developmental events, including pattern formation, imaginal cell determination and the larval immune response. Expression of 18w protein in non-adhesive Schneider 2 cells promotes heterophilic cell aggregation as seen in similar experiments with Tl and other receptor-ligand molecules. (Williams et al., 1995) 18w protein is 1389 amino aids in length. (Eldon, 1995) Mutant allele fails to complement a QTL affecting male mating behaviour. (Moehring and Mackay, 2004) Loss of function 18w mutant follicle cells exhibit delayed migration. The eggs laid by feamles with ovarian clones show defects in egg shape and dorsal appendage morphology. (Siler et al., 2006)
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 16 )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
protein binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001611 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
transmembrane receptor activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:Tl; FB:FBgn0003717 (Eldon et al., 1994) inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:Toll-7; FB:FBgn0034476 (Mi et al., 2001.12.13)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
anatomical structure morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Eldon et al., 1994)
antibacterial humoral response inferred from mutant phenotype (Williams et al., 1997) non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20) traceable author statement (Kimbrell and Beutler, 2001)
cell adhesion inferred from direct assay (Eldon et al., 1994)
defense response traceable author statement (Meister et al., 2000)
embryonic morphogenesis traceable author statement (Meister et al., 2000)
immune response inferred from expression pattern (Williams et al., 1997)
innate immune response inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000157, InterPro:IPR004075 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
multicellular organismal development traceable author statement (Kimbrell and Beutler, 2001)
signal transduction inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20) inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000157, InterPro:IPR004075 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Williams et al., 1997)
integral to membrane inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20)
intrinsic to membrane inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000157, InterPro:IPR004075 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
membrane fraction inferred from direct assay (Eldon et al., 1994)
plasma membrane inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:Tl; FB:FBgn0003717 (Eldon et al., 1994) inferred from direct assay (Williams et al., 1997)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	protein_coding_gene   nuclear_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions 18w allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - Interaction data, including yeast 2-hybrid and genetic interactions • 62933 Drosophila PIMRider - The Drosophila Protein Interaction map • 522019
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF11743 Dere\GG22011 Dgri\GH23027 Dmoj\GI21098 Dper\GL10366 Dpse\GA21398 Dsec\GM21990 Dsim\18w Dvir\GJ20945 Dwil\GK15901 Dyak\18w
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dere\GG22011 (Comeron and Guthrie, 2005.7.21) Dpse\GA21398   Dsim\18w   Dsim\CG8896 (Comeron and Guthrie, 2005.7.21) Dyak\18w   Dyak\CG8896 (Comeron and Guthrie, 2005.7.21)
Linkouts
Functional Complementation between Species
Inter-Species Misexpression Data
Produces phenotype in
Produces NO phenotype in
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 10 )
VDRC	v963 w1118; P{GD17}v963 v965 w1118; P{GD17}v965 v44387 w1118; P{GD2513}v44387 v966 w1118; P{GD17}v966/CyO v44386 w1118; P{GD2513}v44386/TM3
Szeged	- P{lacW}l(2)SH1382SH1382
Kyoto	107712 y1 w*; 18wΔ7-35/CyO 102235 Df(1)w67c23, y1 ; P{lacW}18wk02701 / CyO
Bloomington	4372 y1 w*; 18wΔ7-35/CyO 10518 y1 w67c23; P{lacW}18wk02701/CyO
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR20D06 BACR23F24
cDNA Clones ( 6 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GH23463
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GM05705
Other clones	EK119959 EK054009 EK154751 EK122354
RNAi & Array Information
Affy Oligo
Linkouts	DRSC - RNAi screening (Harvard): high-throughput cell culture data and design • FBgn0004364 GenomeRNAi - RNAi phenotypes (Heidelberg): high-throughput cell culture data • FBgn0004364
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Eldon et al., 1994)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
	Etymology: named "18 wheeler" on basis of 18 stripes of expression during early gastrulation. (Eldon et al., 1994)
Identification
Position Effect Variegation Data
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: 18w CG8896 (Milshina, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Comments About Role
	18w is a critical component of the humoral immune response. (Williams et al., 1997)
Comments About Molecular Function
Other Comments
	dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) dsRNA has been made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene. (Pilot et al., 2006)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057466 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_476814 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AC004428 AC005286 AE003793 AAF57509 AI403917 AQ025714 AY051592 AAK93016 DQ138938 ABA86544 L23171 AAA79208 S76155 AAB33383 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q24591 Q2XXS4 Q7JPR9 Q961H0 A1ZBR2
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Toll-Interleukin receptor (IPR000157) Cysteine-rich flanking region, C-terminal (IPR000483) Leucine-rich repeat (IPR001611) Leucine-rich repeat, typical subtype (IPR003591) Interleukin-1 receptor, type I/Toll precursor (IPR004075) Leucine-rich repeat, cysteine-rich flanking region, N-terminal (IPR000372)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - Interaction data, including yeast 2-hybrid and genetic interactions • 62933 DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs • 11794 DRSC - RNAi screening (Harvard): high-throughput cell culture data and design • FBgn0004364 Drosophila PIMRider - The Drosophila Protein Interaction map • 522019 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies •