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Gene Dmel\tra

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\tra	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	transformer	Annotation symbol	CG16724
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0003741
Created / Updated	2005-01-10/2005-01-10
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map	3-45
Cytogenetic map	73A10-73A10	Sequence location	3L:16,583,032..16,584,413 [-]
Map ( GBrowse )	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene transformer is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol tra (CG16724, FBgn0003741). It has the cytological map location 73A10. Its sequence location is 3L:16583032..16584413. Its molecular function is unknown. It is involved in the biological processes described with 15 unique terms, many of which group under: reproductive developmental process; multicellular organismal development; reproductive process in a multicellular organism; mRNA metabolic process; RNA metabolic process; mating; sex determination; somatic sex determination; mRNA processing; sex differentiation. 55 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with 24 unique terms, many of which group under: organ system; adult segment; larval abdominal segment; anatomical structure; cytoplasmic part; nervous system; primordium; imaginal precursor; peripheral nervous system; larval abdominal segment 8; spermatocyte; spermatozoon; female genitalia; antennal segment; late extended germ band embryo. It has 2 annotated transcripts and 2 annotated polypeptides.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	tra: transformer (M. McKeown and J.M. Belote) XX flies homozygous for tra transformed into sterile males with fully developed sex combs, male-colored abdomen, male abdominal tergites and plates, external and internal male genitalia. Mate readily with females. Testes rudimentary, without sperm, and with ovarian nurse-cell-like cells [Brown and King, 1961]. Testes reduced in size, but of normal color and shape. Transformed female slightly larger than normal male, developmental rate about that of female. X/X/Y; tra/tra also sterile. tra not required in male since X/Y, tra/tra flies are normal males. X/X/X and X/X/Y, tra/tra/tra like diploid, i.e. male in phenotype, but with larger wing cells as expected of triploids. Normal testis anlagen transplanted into tra female becomes attached to duct apparatus and produces sperm. Not needed for female germ cell development since X/X, tra/tra pole cells transplanted into a wild-type female embryo give rise to progeny of both sexes [Marsh and Wieschaus, 1978]. Cell autonomous in mitotic clones [Baker and Ridge, 1980, Genetics 94: 383-423].
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 73A10-73A10   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(3)j10E8j10E8&P{PZ}l(3)1053210532 and P{PZ}Baldspot02281
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 73A8-73A9 (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Ranz et al., 1997) 73A7-73A10 (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (McKeown et al., 1987)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-45 (Duncan and Kaufman, 1975, Sturtevant, 1944)
Left of (cM)	in (Sturtevant, 1944) cp
Right of (cM)	st (Ashburner et al., 1981) th (Sturtevant, 1944)
Notes
Molecular Map Data
Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology) References In direction of increasing cytology: l(3)73Ah+ tra- CG17286- CG32165+ CG18217- CG32164+ CG4098- Pros26? (McKeown et al., 1987) In direction of increasing cytology: l(3)73Ah+ tra- CG17286- (Belote et al., 1989) Gene Order (overall orientation not stated) References
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\tra for information on other features
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) tra-RA FBtr0075364  NM_079390   1077   197 tra-RB FBtr0100244  NM_001014588   1252   36
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	1.2, 1.0 (northern blot) (McKeown et al., 1987)
Comments	This female-specific transcript has a long ORF which can encode a 22 kD polypeptide. (Belote et al., 1989) This transcript does not contain a long ORF. (Belote et al., 1989)
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kD) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein tra-PA   FBpp0075123   24.1   197   12.42     NP_524114   AAF49441 tra-PB   FBpp0099630   4.4   36   8.79     NP_001014588   AAX53589
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kD)	197 (aa) (Belote et al., 1989) 197 (aa); 22 (kD predicted) (Boggs et al., 1987)
Comments	tra and tra2 proteins as well as a set of SR proteins isolated from HeLa cells were shown to be necessary for the formation of a complex which commits the dsx pre-mRNA to the female-specific splicing pathway. The factors bind to a regulatory element located downstream of the 3\\' female-specific splice site. (Tian and Maniatis, 1993) tra protein binds the 13 nucleotide cis regulatory elements of dsx pre-mRNA, strongly suggesting a role in the female-specific splicing of dsx pre-mRNA. (Inoue et al., 1992)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Fruit fly transformer (IPR010519)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE003526 AAF49441   AF145687   AY183382 AAO38890   AY183383 AAO38891   AY183384 AAO38892   AY183385 AAO38893   AY183386 AAO38894   AY183387 AAO38895   AY183388 AAO38896   AY183389 AAO38897   AY183390 AAO38898   BG639209   BT028774   EC237417   EC250103   EL869899   EL869900   L19464 AAA75340   L19465 AAA75341   L19466 AAA75342   L19467 AAA28958   L19468 AAA28959   L19469 AAA28960   L19470 AAA28961   L19618 AAA28962   L19619 AAA28963   L19620 AAA28964   LD47151   M17478 AAB59226
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P11596
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Maps to
Does NOT map to
Identified with	D1196 (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Mapped Features & Mutations
Please see GBrowse or insertion reports for information on insertions of transgenic constructs and features not listed here Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References point mutation tra[4] 3L:16,584,107..16,584,107 evidence=experimental na_change=C16584107T pr_change=R13|tra-PA,R13|tra-PB reported_na_change=C?T reported_pr_change=R13@ (Yuan and Belote, 1995) point mutation tra[5] 3L:16,583,712..16,583,712 comment=Position of mutation on reference sequence inferred by FlyBase curator based on author statement: Produces a truncated protein of 61 amino acids. evidence=experimental na_change=C16583712T pr_change=Q62@|tra-PA (Yuan and Belote, 1995) point mutation tra[enu] 3L:16,583,625..16,583,625 comment=Position of mutation on reference sequence inferred by FlyBase curator based on author statement: Produces a truncated protein of 90 amino acids. evidence=experimental na_change=C16583625T pr_change=Q91@|tra-PA reported_na_change=C?T reported_pr_change=Q?@ (Yuan and Belote, 1995)
External Data
Linkouts	DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs • 3846
Crossreferences
Expression Data
FlyBase-Curated Data
Transcript and Protein data	Please see the FlyBase Gene Expression Report for details of gene expression from the literature.
Summary of Transcript Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference  embryonic stage-adult stage   (Boggs et al., 1987)  larval stage-adult stage | female   (McKeown et al., 1987)  pupal stage-adult stage   (McKeown et al., 1987)  embryonic stage-adult stage   (Boggs et al., 1987)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Summary of Polypeptide Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003741 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • FBgn0003741 GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003741
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable trae01760 viable, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB traScer\UAS.cFa Other Phenotypes Allele wild-type tra+t3.8 traM11 traM12 traM4 traM5 traM6 traM7 traRB behavior defective, with Scer\GAL47B traScer\UAS.cFa behavior defective, with Scer\GAL430B traScer\UAS.cFa behavior defective, with Scer\GAL453B traScer\UAS.cFa courtship defective | male traF.Hsp83 courtship defective | male | recessive tra4 tra5 courtship defective | male, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu traScer\UAS.cFa courtship defective | male, with Scer\GAL4Tab2-201Y traScer\UAS.cFa courtship defective | male, with Scer\GAL4c123a traScer\UAS.cFa courtship defective | male, with Scer\GAL4c739 traScer\UAS.cFa courtship defective | male, with Scer\GAL4pros-V1 traScer\UAS.cFa courtship defective | male, with Scer\GAL4dsf.1.8 traScer\UAS.cFa courtship defective | male, with Scer\GAL4npf.1 traScer\UAS.cFa courtship defective | male, with Scer\GAL4fru-GAL4 traScer\UAS.cFa courtship defective, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB traScer\UAS.cFa courtship defective, with Scer\GAL4c309 traScer\UAS.cFa courtship defective, with Scer\GAL4Gp150-52A traScer\UAS.cFa courtship defective, with Scer\GAL4to.PD traScer\UAS.cFa courtship defective, with Scer\GAL4MJ286 traScer\UAS.cFa courtship defective, with Scer\GAL4retn.89 traScer\UAS.cFa courtship defective, with Scer\GAL4oeE traScer\UAS.cFa mating defective | male, with Scer\GAL455B traScer\UAS.cFa mating defective, with Scer\GAL4pros-V1 traScer\UAS.cFa locomotor behavior defective | male, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 traScer\UAS.cFa locomotor behavior defective | male, with Scer\GAL430Y traScer\UAS.cFa locomotor behavior defective | male, with Scer\GAL4103Y traScer\UAS.cFa locomotor behavior defective | male, with Scer\GAL4pros-V1 traScer\UAS.cFa locomotor behavior defective | male, with Scer\GAL4121Y traScer\UAS.cFa neuroanatomy defective trahs.PB neuroanatomy defective | male, with Scer\GAL469B traScer\UAS.cFa sex-determination defective trahs.PB sex-determination defective | recessive tra1 tra4 sex-determination defective | dominant trahs.PB sex-determination defective | male traF.Hsp83 traHsp83.PS trahs.PB sex-determination defective | female traunspecified sex-determination defective | female | recessive tra1 sex-determination defective | adult stage | male, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 traScer\UAS.cFa Sterility Allele sterile traF.Hsp83 female sterile tra1 male sterile | partially, with Scer\GAL455B traScer\UAS.cFa male sterile, with Scer\GAL4fru-GAL4 traScer\UAS.cFa fertile trae01760 fertile | reduced, with Scer\GAL455B traScer\UAS.cFa male fertile tra1 Phenotype manifest in Allele gonad tra1 tra4 traF.Hsp83 traunspecified adult brain & neuron | medial | female tra1 germ cell tra1 tra4 gonadal sheath proper primordium | female tra1 spectrosome tra1 tra4 fusome tra1 tra4 nurse cell ring canal tra1 tra4 sex comb traF.Hsp83 prothoracic leg taste bristle, with Scer\GAL4pros-V1 traScer\UAS.cFa gonadal sheath proper primordium | male, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL traScer\UAS.cFa adult nervous system | male, with Scer\GAL455B traScer\UAS.cFa male genital disc, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 traScer\UAS.cFa female genital disc | ectopic | male, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 traScer\UAS.cFa female repressed primordium, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 traScer\UAS.cFa antennal glomerulus DA1 | male, with Scer\GAL469B traScer\UAS.cFa abdomen | male, with Scer\GAL4c35 traScer\UAS.cFa male genitalia, with Scer\GAL4c35 traScer\UAS.cFa abdomen | male, with Scer\GAL4c739 traScer\UAS.cFa male genitalia, with Scer\GAL4c739 traScer\UAS.cFa sex comb, with Scer\GAL4c309 traScer\UAS.cFa seminal receptacle | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4c309 traScer\UAS.cFa spermathecum, with Scer\GAL4c309 traScer\UAS.cFa testis, with Scer\GAL4c309 traScer\UAS.cFa spermatozoon, with Scer\GAL4c309 traScer\UAS.cFa male reproductive system trahs.PB spermatocyte fusome trahs.PB spermatocyte ring canal trahs.PB ovary trahs.PB male genitalia trahs.PB female genitalia traunspecified
Classical Alleles ( 20 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of tra Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion tra+RB10-18 wild-type allele PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes tra1 amorph spontaneous 4 Yes tra2 spontaneous 0 Yes tra3 spontaneous ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes tra4 loss of function ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes tra5 loss of function ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- tra6 PM hybrid dysgenesis IR-hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes traF283 natural population 0 -- traF296 natural population 0 -- traST03 natural population 0 -- traST05 natural population 0 -- traST06 natural population 0 -- traST08 natural population 0 -- traST09 natural population 0 -- traST12 natural population 0 -- traST15 natural population 0 -- traST16 natural population 0 -- trae01760 piggyBac transposase 2 -- traenu loss of function ethyl nitrosourea 0 -- traunspecified loss of function 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 35 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of tra Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion tra+t3.8 in vitro construct | genomic fragment 0 Yes traAct5C.PR in vitro construct | genomic fragment in vitro construct | minigene in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes traBH in vitro construct | genomic fragment 0 Yes traBL in vitro construct | genomic fragment 0 Yes traF.Hsp70 in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 -- traF.Hsp83 in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes traF.U2af50 in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes traGD764 in vitro construct | RNAi in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 2 Yes traHsp83.PS in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes traLTR.P in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes traM.LTR in vitro construct | regulatory fusion in vitro construct | deletion 0 Yes traM10 in vitro construct | site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes traM11 in vitro construct | site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes traM12 in vitro construct | site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes traM3 in vitro construct | site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes traM4 in vitro construct | site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes traM5 in vitro construct | site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes traM6 in vitro construct | site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes traM7 in vitro construct | site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes traM8 in vitro construct | site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes traM9 in vitro construct | site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes traRB.cBa in vitro construct | other 0 Yes traRB in vitro construct | genomic fragment 0 Yes traScer\UAS.cFa in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 1 Yes trahs.PB in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes trahs.PBa in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes trahs.PH in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes tramut in vitro construct | site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes tratBa in vitro construct | genomic fragment 0 Yes traΔF.LTR in vitro construct | regulatory fusion in vitro construct | deletion 0 Yes traΔM1 in vitro construct | other 0 Yes traΔM2 in vitro construct | other 0 Yes traΔM3 in vitro construct | other 0 Yes traΔM4 in vitro construct | deletion 0 Yes traΔN.LTR in vitro construct | regulatory fusion in vitro construct | deletion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Useful deficiency	Df(3L)st-j7
Useful duplication	Dp(3;3)st+g18
Disrupted in	Df(3L)DTS5-3 (Velissariou and Ashburner, 1981) Df(3L)DTS5-4 (Velissariou and Ashburner, 1981) Df(3L)st (Ryner et al., 1996) Df(3L)st-E23 (Nothiger et al., 1989) Df(3L)st-E34 (Butler et al., 1986, Belote et al., 1990) Df(3L)st-E36 (Butler et al., 1986, Belote et al., 1990) Df(3L)st-E48 (Butler et al., 1986) Df(3L)st-E52 (Belote et al., 1985, Butler et al., 1986, Belote et al., 1990) Df(3L)st-E73 (Nothiger et al., 1989) Df(3L)st-LM19 (Marsh and Mock, 1985) Df(3L)st-LM3 (Marsh and Mock, 1985) Df(3L)st-b11 (Bedian, 1998.10.2) Df(3L)st-g24 (Belote et al., 1985, McKeown et al., 1987, Belote et al., 1990) Df(3L)st-j11 (Bedian, 1998.10.2) Df(3L)st-j7 (Hager and Cline, 1997, Bedian, 1998.10.2, McKeown et al., 1987, Belote et al., 1990) Df(3L)st100.62 (McKeown et al., 1987, Belote et al., 1990) Df(3L)st103 (Velissariou and Ashburner, 1981, Nothiger et al., 1989) Df(3L)st2 (Ashburner et al., 1981)