• Home
• Tools
  • BLAST
  • GBrowse
  • QueryBuilder
  • TermLink
  • ImageBrowse
  • Interactions Browser
  • Apollo
  • CytoSearch
  • QuickSearch
  • Batch Download
  • Coordinate Converter
  • Google™ FlyBase
  • Find A Person
  • Update An Address
  • Add A New Person
• Files
  • Downloads:
  • Precomputed files
  • Archived data
  • Releases FTP
  • Genomes FTP
  • Lists:
  • Transposons (Dmel)
  • Transposons (other)
  • Vectors & Constructs
  • Anatomical Terms
  • Map Conversion
• Species
  • Phylogeny
  • Synteny Table
  • Drosophilidae
  • Abbreviations
• Documents
  • About FlyBase
  • Reference Manual:
  • Sections
  • Contents
  • Nomenclature
  • Release Notes
• Resources
  • All resources
  • Interactive Fly
  • Textpresso for Fly
  • AAA site
  • BDGP
  • DHGP
  • DGRC
  • Model Organisms
  • Stock Collections:
  • Bloomington
  • DrosDel
  • Ehime
  • Exelixis (Harvard)
  • GDP (Baylor)
  • Kyoto
  • NIG-Fly
  • Szeged
  • Tucson
  • VDRC
• News
  • News
  • FlyBase Forum
  • FlyBase Positions
  • Meetings
  • Courses
  • Fly Board
  • White papers
  • Funding
  • bionet.dros
• Help
  • Google™ FlyBase
  • Site Map
  • FAQs
  • Report help
  • New to Flies
  • Pers. comm.
  • Author guidelines
  • Known Problems
  • Contact FlyBase
• Archives
  • Prior Home Page
  • R4.3 BLAST
  • R4.3 GBrowse
  • Older Archives

Gene Dmel\slou

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\slou	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	slouch	Annotation symbol	CG6534
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0002941
Created / Updated	2003-12-01/2003-12-01
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	93E4-93E4	Sequence location	3R:17,374,375..17,383,004 [-]
Map ( GBrowse )	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene slouch is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol slou (CG6534, FBgn0002941). It has the cytological map location 93E4. Its sequence location is 3R:17374375..17383004. Its molecular function is described as: transcription factor activity; RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity; sequence-specific DNA binding. It is involved in the biological processes: muscle cell fate determination; regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; muscle development; nervous system development; somatic muscle development; mesodermal cell fate specification. 4 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with 28 unique terms, many of which group under: organ system; hypodermal muscle of larval abdomen; abdominal transverse muscle; abdominal oblique muscle; adult abdominal myoblast; larval abdominal segment 5; acute muscle; adult; abdominal ventral acute muscle 2; adult segment. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	NK1 (M. Nirenberg) Homeobox gene expressed in embryos in several types of striated muscle cells and in some cells in the ventral nervous system. Fewer transcripts were detected in the central nervous systems (CNS) of larvae, pupae, and adults. No transcripts were detected in 0-3 hour embryos.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 93E4-93E4   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}mod(mdg4)07038&P{lacW}mod(mdg4)L3101 and P{PZ}InR05545
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 93E1-93E5   (Kim, 1998.10.6) 93E-93E (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Dohrmann et al., 1990) 93E3-93E5 (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Kim and Nirenberg, 1989) 93E1-93E2 (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Frigerio et al., 1986)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Molecular Map Data
Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology) References In direction of increasing cytology: slou? C15? (Frasch, 1995.3.24) In direction of increasing cytology: tin+ bap+ lbl- lbe- InR+ slou+ (Jagla et al., 1997) Gene Order (overall orientation not stated) References
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\slou for information on other features
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) slou-RA FBtr0084123  NM_057309   2778   659
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	2.8 (northern blot) (Dohrmann et al., 1990)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kD) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein slou-PA   FBpp0083521   70.0   659   6.97     NP_476657   AAF55901
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kD)	659 (aa); 70 (kD predicted) (Dohrmann et al., 1990)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts	PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways • FBgn0002941
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Helix-turn-helix motif, lambda-like repressor (IPR000047) Homeobox (IPR001356) Homeodomain-like (IPR009057) Homeodomain-related (IPR012287)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AC006936   AE003735 AAF55901   AF097433   CO265038   CO272304   EC210173   EC220691   M27289 AAA28616   X55393 CAA39067
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P22807
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Maps to	FBcl0298119 (FlyBase, 1992-)
Does NOT map to
Identified with
Mapped Features & Mutations
Please see GBrowse or insertion reports for information on insertions of transgenic constructs and features not listed here Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References enhancer slou-enhancer-1 3R:17,383,366..17,383,379 comment=core enhancer element identified in gel shift assays evidence=experimental (Kim et al., 1999) point mutation slou[286] 3R:17,381,923..17,381,923 evidence=experimental pr_change=Q220@ reported_na_change=C983T|FBrf0111400 reported_pr_change=Q220@|FBrf0111400 na_change=C17372887T (Knirr et al., 1999) protein binding site slou-protein_bind-1 3R:17,383,370..17,383,382 evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kim et al., 1999) protein binding site slou-protein_bind-2 3R:17,383,415..17,383,444 evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kim et al., 1999) regulatory region slou-reg_element-4 3R:17,383,480..17,384,869 comment=region contains strong negative regulatory elements evidence=experimental (Kim et al., 1999) regulatory region slou-reg_element-1 3R:17,382,902..17,383,480 comment=region contains strong positive regulatory elements evidence=experimental (Kim et al., 1999) regulatory region slou-reg_element-3 3R:17,383,415..17,383,444 comment=Box A, protected strongly in DNaseI footprinting analyses, contains a putative C/EBP binding site evidence=experimental (Kim et al., 1999) regulatory region slou-reg_element-2 3R:17,383,371..17,383,382 comment=Box B, protected weakly in DNaseI footprinting analyses evidence=experimental (Kim et al., 1999)
External Data
Linkouts	DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs • 10227
Crossreferences
Expression Data
FlyBase-Curated Data
Transcript and Protein data	Please see the FlyBase Gene Expression Report for details of gene expression from the literature.
Summary of Transcript Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference  embryonic stage | early   (Frigerio et al., 1986)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Summary of Polypeptide Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference  embryonic stage  ganglion mother cell (Dohrmann et al., 1990)  embryonic stage  abdominal 2..7 ventral transverse muscle 1 (Dohrmann et al., 1990)  embryonic stage  abdominal 1 ventral acute muscle 2 (Dohrmann et al., 1990)  embryonic stage  abdominal 1 dorsal transverse muscle 1 (Dohrmann et al., 1990)  embryonic stage  somatic mesoderm | restricted (Dohrmann et al., 1990)  embryonic stage  larval muscle system | restricted (Dohrmann et al., 1990)  embryonic stage  supraoesophageal ganglion | restricted (Dohrmann et al., 1990)  embryonic stage  embryonic/larval midgut | restricted (Dohrmann et al., 1990)  embryonic stage  embryonic central nervous system (Dohrmann et al., 1990)  embryonic stage  abdominal 2..7 dorsal transverse muscle 1 (Dohrmann et al., 1990)  embryonic stage  abdominal 2..7 ventral acute muscle 2 (Dohrmann et al., 1990)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term	nucleus (Dohrmann et al., 1990)
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0002941 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • FBgn0002941 GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0002941
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | recessive slou286 lethal, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR slouGD4159 Other Phenotypes Allele locomotor behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR slouGD4159 flight behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR slouGD4159 Phenotype manifest in Allele abdominal ventral transverse muscle 1 slou286 abdominal ventral acute muscle 3 slou286 abdominal ventral acute muscle 1 slou286 abdominal ventral acute muscle 2 slou286 abdominal lateral oblique muscle 1 slou286 segment border muscle slou286 abdominal dorsal oblique muscle 3 slou286 abdominal dorsal transverse muscle 1 slou286 embryonic/larval somatic muscle | ventral slou286 lateral adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal slou286 ventral adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal slou286 wing slou286 cardioblast, with Scer\GAL4how-24B, Scer\GAL4twi.PG slouScer\UAS.cKa lateral adult muscle precursor cluster abdominal, with Scer\GAL4how-24B, Scer\GAL4twi.PG slouScer\UAS.cKa adult myoblast, with Scer\GAL4how-24B, Scer\GAL4twi.PG slouScer\UAS.cKa segment border muscle, with Scer\GAL4how-24B, Scer\GAL4twi.PG slouScer\UAS.cKa embryonic/larval somatic muscle, with Scer\GAL4how-24B, Scer\GAL4twi.PG slouScer\UAS.cKa embryonic/larval dorsal vessel, with Scer\GAL4how-24B, Scer\GAL4twi.PG slouScer\UAS.cKa embryonic muscle system sloudsRNA.cMa abdominal 2 ventral transverse muscle 1 sloudsRNA.cMa abdominal 3 ventral transverse muscle 1 sloudsRNA.cMa abdominal 4 ventral transverse muscle 1 sloudsRNA.cMa abdominal 5 ventral transverse muscle 1 sloudsRNA.cMa abdominal 6 ventral transverse muscle 1 sloudsRNA.cMa abdominal 7 ventral transverse muscle 1 sloudsRNA.cMa abdominal 2 dorsal transverse muscle 1 sloudsRNA.cMa abdominal 3 dorsal transverse muscle 1 sloudsRNA.cMa abdominal 4 dorsal transverse muscle 1 sloudsRNA.cMa abdominal 5 dorsal transverse muscle 1 sloudsRNA.cMa abdominal 6 dorsal transverse muscle 1 sloudsRNA.cMa abdominal 7 dorsal transverse muscle 1 sloudsRNA.cMa wing, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR slouGD4159
Classical Alleles ( 1 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of slou Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion slou286 amorph ethyl methanesulfonate 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 3 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of slou Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion slouGD4159 in vitro construct | RNAi in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 2 Yes slouScer\UAS.cKa in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes sloudsRNA.cMa in vitro construct | RNAi 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Useful deficiency	Df(3R)e-BS2   Df(3R)e-H4
Useful duplication	Dp(3;3)M95A+13
Not disrupted in	Df(3R)GC14 (Jagla et al., 1997) Df(3R)e-F1 (Dohrmann et al., 1990, Jagla et al., 1997) Df(3R)e-Gp4 (Jagla et al., 1997)
Disrupted in	Df(3R)e-BS2 (Jagla et al., 1997)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data reporter construct P{Nk1-lacZ.F} No P{slou-lacZ.RRH} No UAS construct P{GD4159} NA P{UAS-slou.K} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data
Related Comments
	Please look at the allele reports for the complete phenotype data Homeobox gene expressed in embryos in several types of striated muscle cells and in some cells in the ventral nervous system. Fewer transcripts were detected in the central nervous systems (CNS) of larvae, pupae and adults. No transcripts were detected in 0-3 hour embryos.   Identified on the basis of similarity to a 600bp prd cDNA fragment which codes for the last 205 amino acids of prd. (Frigerio et al., 1986) slou has been cloned and sequenced, and its expression pattern analysed. (Dohrmann et al., 1990) The PRD-repeat domains of slou and prd protein are sufficient to mediate protein-protein interaction, suggesting that the PRD-domain functions as a protein-binding interface and thereby may increase the DNA binding specificity of homeodomain transcription factors. (Kim et al., 1995) Using the Scer\GAL4-targetted expression system, it is demonstrated that wg acts directly in the mesoderm to ensure the formation of slou-expressing founder cells. wg gene product can signal across germ layers so wg from the ectoderm could constitute an inductive signal for the initiation of the development of a subset of somatic muscles. (Baylies et al., 1995) Mutation in slou disrupts the development of all somatic muscles that are derived from slou-expressing founder cells in the embryo. The observed phenotypes include transformations of founder cell fates. (Knirr et al., 1999)
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 10 )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1991.8.1)
sequence-specific DNA binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001356 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
transcription factor activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with InterPro:IPR001356 (FlyBase, 1992-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
mesodermal cell fate specification non-traceable author statement (Jagla et al., 2001)
muscle cell fate determination inferred from expression pattern (Dohrmann et al., 1990)
muscle development traceable author statement (Dworak and Sink, 2002) traceable author statement (Jagla et al., 2001)
nervous system development non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1991.8.1)
regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent inferred from sequence or structural similarity with InterPro:IPR001356 (FlyBase, 1992-)
somatic muscle development non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1991.8.1)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from sequence or structural similarity with InterPro:IPR001356 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1991.8.1)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	protein_coding_gene   nuclear_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions slou allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - Interaction data, including yeast 2-hybrid and genetic interactions • 67513
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF16414 Dere\GG14462 Dgri\GH13609 Dmoj\GI24800 Dper\GL13783 Dpse\GA19667 Dsec\GM11004 Dsim\GD19974 Dvir\GJ24446 Dwil\GK14259 Dyak\GE24972
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA19667
Linkouts	InParanoid orthologs - Eukaryotic orthologs • ENSANGP00000019365 Anopheles gambiae (Ensembl) ENSBTAP00000027865 Bos taurus (Ensembl) ENSCAFP00000018741 Canis familiaris (Ensembl) NEWSINFRUP00000153913 Takifugu rubripes (Ensembl) ENSGALP00000032432 Gallus gallus (Ensembl) ENSMODP00000005315 Monodelphis domestica (Ensembl) ENSRNOP00000022904 Rattus norvegicus (Ensembl) GSTENP00024980001 Tetraodon nigroviridis (Ensembl) WBGene00034981 Caenorhabditis briggsae (Wormbase) WBGene00000428 Caenorhabditis elegans (Wormbase) ZDB-GENE-040615-2 Danio rerio (Zfin) MGI:104806 Mus musculus (Informatics)
Functional Complementation between Species
Inter-Species Misexpression Data
Produces phenotype in
Produces NO phenotype in
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 2 )
VDRC	v30463 w1118; P{GD4159}v30463 v30462 w1118; P{GD4159}v30462/TM3
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR48I01
cDNA Clones ( 2 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones	EK106632 EK141331
RNAi & Array Information
Affy Oligo
Linkouts	DRSC - RNAi screening (Harvard): high-throughput cell culture data and design • FBgn0002941 GenomeRNAi - RNAi phenotypes (Heidelberg): high-throughput cell culture data • FBgn0002941
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Dohrmann et al., 1990)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
	Etymology: gene is named "slouch" based on the phenotype of mutant escapers which are very weak, unable to reproduce and have a short life span. (Knirr et al., 1999)
Identification
Position Effect Variegation Data
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Comments About Role
	slou functions as an identity gene in somatic muscle development. (Knirr et al., 1999)
Comments About Molecular Function
Other Comments
	Mutations in neurogenic genes lead to an expansion of the domains of slou and vg expression in the mesoderm and produce severe abnormalities in muscle patterning and muscle differentiation. (Bate et al., 1993)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057309 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_476657 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AC006936 AE003735 AAF55901 AF097433 M27289 AAA28616 X55393 CAA39067 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P22807
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Helix-turn-helix motif, lambda-like repressor (IPR000047) Homeobox (IPR001356) Homeodomain-like (IPR009057) Homeodomain-related (IPR012287)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - Interaction data, including yeast 2-hybrid and genetic interactions • 67513 DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs • 10227 DRSC - RNAi screening (Harvard): high-throughput cell culture data and design • FBgn0002941 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0002941 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • FBgn0002941 FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0002941 GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0002941 GenomeRNAi - RNAi phenotypes (Heidelberg): high-throughput cell culture data • FBgn0002941 InParanoid orthologs - Eukaryotic orthologs • ENSANGP00000019365 Anopheles gambiae (Ensembl) ENSBTAP00000027865 Bos taurus (Ensembl) ENSCAFP00000018741 Canis familiaris (Ensembl) NEWSINFRUP00000153913 Takifugu rubripes (Ensembl) ENSGALP00000032432 Gallus gallus (Ensembl) ENSMODP00000005315 Monodelphis domestica (Ensembl) ENSRNOP00000022904 Rattus norvegicus (Ensembl) GSTENP00024980001 Tetraodon nigroviridis (Ensembl) WBGene00034981 Caenorhabditis briggsae (Wormbase) WBGene00000428 Caenorhabditis elegans (Wormbase) ZDB-GENE-040615-2 Danio rerio (Zfin) MGI:104806 Mus musculus (Informatics) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /gene/nk1.htm PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways • FBgn0002941 REDfly - Regulatory element database for Drosophila • FBgn0002941
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 16 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG6534   NK1 (Kim, 1998.10.6, Kim et al., 1995) NK-1 (Kim et al., 1999, Kim et al., 1998, Kmita-Cunisse et al., 1998, Jaynes, 1996, Jagla et al., 1993, Walldorf and Gehring, 1992, Cribbs et al., 1992) Nk1 (Kim and Nirenberg, 1989, ) NK1/S59 (Fyrberg et al., 1994) prd9   S59 (Chen and Olson, 2004, De Graeve et al., 2004, Dworak and Sink, 2002, Castanon and Baylies, 2002, Brennan and Gardner, 2002, Castanon et al., 2001, Baylies and Michelson, 2001, Hayes et al., 2001, Rizkalla et al., 2001, Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2000, Rizkalla and Siegfried, 2000, Hughes and Salinas, 1999, Giebel, 1999, Misquitta and Paterson, 1999, Paululat et al., 1999, Brennan et al., 1999, Paululat et al., 1999, Rizkalla and Siegfried, 1999, Misquitta and Paterson, 1999, Rusconi and Corbin, 1998, Olson and Klein, 1998, Keller et al., 1998, Park et al., 1998, Fuerstenberg and Giniger, 1998, Baylies et al., 1998, Martinez Arias, 1998, Ruiz-Gomez, 1998, Yin and Frasch, 1998, Fisher and Caudy, 1998, Baylies et al., 1997, Rizkalla and Siegfried, 1998, Knirr et al., 1998, Nose et al., 1998, Ruiz Gomez and Bate, 1997, Hemavathy et al., 1997, Ruiz-Gomez et al., 1997, Riechmann et al., 1997, Namba et al., 1997, Lin et al., 1997, Jagla et al., 1997, Prokop et al., 1996, Taylor, 1996,