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Gene Dmel\mr

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\mr	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	morula	Annotation symbol	CG3060
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0002791
Created / Updated	2003-12-01/2003-12-01
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2R	Recombination map	2-106.7
Cytogenetic map	60A15-60A15	Sequence location	2R:19,859,956..19,862,935 [+]
Map ( GBrowse )	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene morula is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol mr (CG3060, FBgn0002791). It has the cytological map location 60A15. Its sequence location is 2R:19859956..19862935. Its molecular function is described as ubiquitin protein ligase binding. It is involved in the biological processes: mitotic anaphase; negative regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction; regulation of synaptic transmission; regulation of cell cycle; ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process. 14 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with 16 unique terms, many of which group under: organ system; anatomical structure; nervous system; egg; peripheral nervous system; adult; germ cell; nuclear part; cell cycle; endocrine system; spindle; adult segment. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	mr: morula mr: morula Eyes rough. Bristles irregularly reduced in size and number. Abdominal sclerites often smaller. Developmental study by Lees and Waddington [1942, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), Ser. B 131: 87-100] shows that effect on bristles results from general slowing of bristle growth. Female entirely sterile, has underdeveloped ovaries. At 19, bristles nearly normal and eyes nearly wild type. RK2 at 25 and above. mr2 Less extreme than mr. Nearly wild type at 19. Female entirely sterile. Oogenesis normal through stage 4; then compound nurse cell chromosomes fall apart and degenerate. Karyosome of oocyte also disappears. Oogenesis does not proceed beyond sixth stage (King, 1964, Royal Entomol. Soc. London Symposium 2, Insect Reproduction, pp. 13-25). RK2 at 25 or above.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 60A15-60A15   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}TalEP489&P{EP}CG3065EP316 and P{lacW}Phmk07623&P{lacW}tsrk05633
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2-106.7
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Molecular Map Data
Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology) References Gene Order (overall orientation not stated) References
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\mr for information on other features
Comments on Gene Model
	DGC clone appears problematic (LD45730): incomplete CDS.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) mr-RA FBtr0072156  NM_138018   2557   802
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kD) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein mr-PA   FBpp0072065   91.6   802   4.84     NP_611862   AAF47123
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kD)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts	PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways • FBgn0002791
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Cullin, N-terminal region (IPR001373) Anaphase promoting complex subunit 2 (IPR014786) Cullin homology (IPR016158)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA439215   AA441659   AA536457   AA538597   AA541203   AA820997   AA820998   AA950667   AE003462 AAF47123   AI455568   AI513454   AI519998   AI542724   AW943800   AY058717 AAL13946   AY129297 AAM97765   BH854685   BI216898   BI242048   BI367281   BI370646   BI374094   BI580142   BT031326   CL705790   CO178142   CO287296   CO303344   CO316476   EC215321   EC237644   EC247420   EL871709   EL871710   EL871837   EL871838   EL871967   EL871968   LD24965
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q95TK2 Q9W1E5
Maps to
Does NOT map to
Identified with	LD21042 LD24965 (Kashevsky et al., 2002) LD45730 (BDGP Project Members, 2000-)
Mapped Features & Mutations
Please see GBrowse or insertion reports for information on insertions of transgenic constructs and features not listed here Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References point mutation mr[3] 2R:19,861,068..19,861,069 pr_change=W282@|mr-PA reported_pr_change=W282@ comment=G to A nucleotide change at the second or third position of the Trp codon leads to a nonsense mutation (exact site of mutation unspecified) evidence=experimental (Kashevsky et al., 2002) point mutation mr[4] 2R:19,862,363..19,862,364 comment=Same mutation as mr[5]. Position of mutation on reference sequence inferred by FlyBase curator based on author statement: Nucleotide substitution at a splice acceptor site after the sixth intron that should remove the C-terminus of the protein from Glu-657 onwards. evidence=experimental (Kashevsky et al., 2002) point mutation mr[5] 2R:19,862,363..19,862,364 comment=Same mutation as mr[4]. Position of mutation on reference sequence inferred by FlyBase curator based on author statement: Nucleotide substitution at a splice acceptor site after the sixth intron that should remove the C-terminus of the protein from Glu-657 onwards. evidence=experimental (Kashevsky et al., 2002) point mutation mr[2] 2R:19,862,669..19,862,669 comment=Same mutation as mr[1]. Site of nucleotide substitution in mutant inferred by FlyBase based on reported amino acid change. evidence=experimental pr_change=W739R|mr-PA reported_pr_change=W739R na_change=T19862669C (Kashevsky et al., 2002) point mutation mr[1] 2R:19,862,669..19,862,669 comment=Same mutation as mr[2]. Site of nucleotide substitution in mutant inferred by FlyBase based on reported amino acid change. evidence=experimental pr_change=W739R|mr-PA reported_pr_change=W739R na_change=T19862669C (Kashevsky et al., 2002)
External Data
Linkouts	DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs • 1616
Crossreferences
Expression Data
FlyBase-Curated Data
Transcript and Protein data	Please see the FlyBase Gene Expression Report for details of gene expression from the literature.
Summary of Transcript Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Summary of Polypeptide Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Microarray Data
	Developmental timecourse, Costello et al., 2008 (Original data from Arbeitman et al., 2002) AI513454 AA950667
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0002791 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • FBgn0002791 GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0002791
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable mrEY04503 lethal (with mr4) mr3 lethal (with mr3) mr4 lethal | recessive mr4 mr5 lethal | partially (with mr1) mr3 lethal | partially (with mr3) mr1 Other Phenotypes Allele visible | recessive mrunspecified mitotic cell cycle defective | recessive mr4 mr5 mitotic cell cycle defective | recessive | somatic clone mr5 mitotic cell cycle defective | germ-line clone | recessive mr5 neurophysiology defective mr3 neuroanatomy defective mr3 neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 mrdsRNA.Scer\UAS Sterility Allele sterile (with mr1) mr2 sterile (with mr2) mr1 female sterile | recessive mr1 mr2 fertile mrEY04503 Phenotype manifest in Allele nurse cell (with mr2) mr1 spindle | maternal effect (with mr2) mr1 nuclear chromosome | maternal effect (with mr2) mr1 egg mr1 mr2 eye mr1 mr2 mrunspecified abdominal tergite mr1 mr2 spindle & embryo mr1 mr2 embryo mr1 mr2 mitotic cell cycle & embryo mr1 mr2 nurse cell mr1 nurse cell (with mr1) mr2 spindle | maternal effect (with mr1) mr2 nuclear chromosome | maternal effect (with mr1) mr2 nurse cell & nucleus mr2 nurse cell & nuclear chromosome mr2 mr5 follicle cell mr2 nurse cell ring canal mr2 polar body nucleus mr2 larval neuromuscular junction mr3 NMJ bouton | supernumerary mr3 nurse cell & spindle mr5 eye | somatic clone mr5 macrochaeta | somatic clone mr5 mitotic cell cycle & larva | somatic clone mr5 mitotic cell cycle | germ-line clone mr5 spindle | germ-line clone mr5 larval neuromuscular junction, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 mrdsRNA.Scer\UAS NMJ bouton | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 mrdsRNA.Scer\UAS hindgut imaginal ring mrunspecified larval salivary gland & embryo mrunspecified ring gland mrunspecified
Classical Alleles ( 11 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of mr Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion mr1 8 Yes mr2 spontaneous 3 Yes mr3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes mr4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes mr5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes mrAc2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- mrAk2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- mrAs2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- mrEY04503 P-element activity 1 -- mrKG07756 P-element activity 1 -- mrunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 3 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of mr Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion mrGD1489 in vitro construct | RNAi in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 2 Yes mrScer\UAS.P\T.cKa in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes mrdsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct | regulatory fusion in vitro construct | RNAi 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Useful deficiency	Df(2R)or-BR11
Disrupted in	Df(2R)BSC136 (Christensen and Cook, 2006.1.19) Df(2R)Exel6080 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2R)Exel7182 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2R)or-BR11 (Reed, 1992) Df(2R)or-BR6 (Reed, 1992) In(2LR)ltG10LBR27R (Reed and Orr-Weaver, 1997) In(2LR)ltG10LX-4-27R (Reed, 1992)
Not disrupted in	Df(2R)106 (Reed, 1992) Df(2R)Px1 (Bridges, 1937) Df(2R)bw-DRa (Reed, 1992) Df(2R)bw-DRj (Reed, 1992) Df(2R)bw-DRp (Reed, 1992) Df(2R)bw-DRs (Reed, 1992) Df(2R)bw-DRt (Reed, 1992) Df(2R)bw-S46 (Reed, 1992) In(2LR)Px4 (Reed, 1992) In(2LR)ltG10LCD-20R (Reed, 1992) In(2LR)ltG10LSDS9-1R (Reed, 1992)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD1489} NA P{UAS-mr.RNAi} NA P{UASp-mr.K} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions P{SUPor-P}mrKG07756 NA insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}l(2)SH1722SH1722 No insertion of mobile activating element P{EPgy2}mrEY04503 NA
Related Comments
	Please look at the allele reports for the complete phenotype data mr is required for the maintenance of endomitosis in the nurse cells of the adult female ovary. Nurse cells of hypomorphic alleles revert to a mitotic-like state instead of going on to become highly polyploid. (Reed and Orr-Weaver, 1995)
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 8 )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
ubiquitin protein ligase binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001373, InterPro:IPR016158 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
mitotic anaphase non-traceable author statement (Wallace, 2002.7.5)
negative regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction inferred from mutant phenotype (van Roessel et al., 2004)
regulation of cell cycle traceable author statement (Lee and Orr-Weaver, 2003)
regulation of synaptic transmission inferred from mutant phenotype (van Roessel et al., 2004)
ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001373, InterPro:IPR016158 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
anaphase-promoting complex non-traceable author statement (Wallace, 2002.7.5) traceable author statement (Lee and Orr-Weaver, 2003)
cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001373, InterPro:IPR016158 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	protein_coding_gene   nuclear_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions mr allele Gene References mr1 CycB (Kashevsky et al., 2002) e(mr) (Reed, 1992) mr2 e(mr) (Reed, 1992) mr3 CycB (Kashevsky et al., 2002) Liprin-α (van Roessel et al., 2004)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - Interaction data, including yeast 2-hybrid and genetic interactions • 69972
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF12886 Dere\GG22916 Dgri\GH20172 Dmoj\GI20702 Dper\GL11645 Dpse\GA15898 Dsec\GM16075 Dsim\GD11818 Dvir\GJ21890 Dwil\GK15727 Dyak\GE14353
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA15898
Linkouts	InParanoid orthologs - Eukaryotic orthologs • ENSANGP00000021886 Anopheles gambiae (Ensembl) ENSBTAP00000024568 Bos taurus (Ensembl) ENSCAFP00000028810 Canis familiaris (Ensembl) ENSCINP00000005419 Ciona intestinalis (Ensembl) NEWSINFRUP00000132108 Takifugu rubripes (Ensembl) ENSGALP00000014037 Gallus gallus (Ensembl) ENSP00000314004 Homo sapiens (Ensembl) ENSMMUP00000002240 Macaca mulatta (Ensembl) ENSMODP00000021443 Monodelphis domestica (Ensembl) ENSPTRP00000036989 Pan troglodytes (Ensembl) ENSRNOP00000015099 Rattus norvegicus (Ensembl) GSTENP00021292001 Tetraodon nigroviridis (Ensembl) ENSXETP00000049599 Xenopus tropicalis (Ensembl) Q7XQF0 Oryza sativa (Gramene) AT2G04660.1 Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) WBGene00041413 Caenorhabditis briggsae (Wormbase) WBGene00000143 Caenorhabditis elegans (Wormbase) DDB0203816 Dictyostelium discoideum (Dictybase) MGI:2139135 Mus musculus (Informatics) YLR127C Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Yeastgenome) SPBP23A10.04 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Sanger)
Functional Complementation between Species
Inter-Species Misexpression Data
Produces phenotype in
Produces NO phenotype in
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 16 )
VDRC	v2993 w1118; P{GD1489}v2993 v2994 w1118; P{GD1489}v2994
Szeged	- P{lacW}l(2)SH1722SH1722
Kyoto	107785 e(mr)1; mr2/SM6a 105865 mr1 bs2/In(2LR)bwV1, ds33k bwV1 101509 In(2L)Cy In(2R)Cy, Cy1 cn2 / In(2L)NS In(2R)NS, b1 mr1
Bloomington	4535 e(mr)1; mr2/SM6a 19840 y1 w67c23; P{EPgy2}mrEY04503 14554 y1 w67c23; P{SUPor-P}mrKG07756 257 chl1 l(2)bw1 bw2b mr2/SM5 351 mr1 bs2/In(2LR)bwV1, ds33k bwV1 817 In(2L)NS, In(2R)NS, b1 l(2)35De1 mr1/In(2L)Cy, In(2R)Cy, Cy1
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR28M05
cDNA Clones ( 23 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD21042
O