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Gene Dmel\Met

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Met	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Methoprene-tolerant	Annotation symbol	CG1705
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0002723
Created / Updated	2003-12-01/2007-10-12
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	X	Recombination map	1-35.4
Cytogenetic map	10D1-10D1	Sequence location	X:11,510,901..11,513,120 [+]
Map ( GBrowse )	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Methoprene-tolerant is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Met (CG1705, FBgn0002723). It has the cytological map location 10D1. Its sequence location is X:11510901..11513120. Its molecular function is described as: juvenile hormone binding; transcription factor activity; signal transducer activity. It is involved in the biological processes: regulation of transcription; regulation of developmental process; regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; signal transduction. 20 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: stage S8 oocyte; stage S9 oocyte; stage S10 oocyte; stage S11 oocyte; stage S12 oocyte; stage S13 oocyte; stage S14 oocyte; ovary. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	Rst(1)JH: Resistance (1) Juvenile Hormone Semidominant mutation conferring 50-100 fold increase in resistance to juvenile hormone III or its analogue methoprene over that of wild type. Also resistant to methoprene-induced tumors and abnormalities in adult cuticle; action of Rst(1)JH autonomous in gynandromorphs. Authors speculate that gene may affect juveline-hormone receptor.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 10D1-10D1   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG32666EP1452 and P{EP}Ptp10DEP1172
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 10C5-10C5   (Wilson, 1997.11.17) 10C-10C (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Turner and Wilson, 1995) 10C5-10C5 (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Turner et al., 1991)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	1-35.4 (Wilson and Fabian, 1986)
Left of (cM)	m f (Wilson and Fabian, 1986)
Right of (cM)	v (Wilson and Fabian, 1986)
Notes
Molecular Map Data
Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology) References Gene Order (overall orientation not stated) References
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Met for information on other features
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Met-RA FBtr0073521  NM_078571   2151   716
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	5.5, 3.3 (northern blot) (Ashok et al., 1998)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kD) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Met-PA   FBpp0073368   78.7   716   6.74     NP_511126   AAF48071
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kD)	85 (kD) (Shemshedini and Wilson, 1993) 716 (aa); 79 (kD predicted) (Ashok et al., 1998)
Comments	Met protein is specifically competed by juvenile hormone III. (Shemshedini and Wilson, 1993)
External Data
Linkouts	PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways • FBgn0002723
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • PAS (IPR000014) Basic helix-loop-helix dimerisation region bHLH (IPR001092) Helix-loop-helix DNA-binding (IPR011598) PAS fold-3 (IPR013655) PAC motif (IPR001610)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA698003   AE003486 AAF48071   AF034859 AAC14350   BP541439   BT024194   CO328102   EC202817   EC212326   EC255280
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	O44118 Q9VYW2
Maps to
Does NOT map to
Identified with
Mapped Features & Mutations
Please see GBrowse or insertion reports for information on insertions of transgenic constructs and features not listed here Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References rescue fragment Rst(1)JH[+tSt-H.hs] X:11,509,395..11,515,619 comment=Position of restriction fragment on reference sequence inferred by FlyBase curator. Expression is influenced by an Hsp70 promoter and SV40 3' sequences. evidence=experimental linked_to=StuI-HpaI_rfrag (Ashok et al., 1998)
External Data
Linkouts	DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs • 2511
Crossreferences
Expression Data
FlyBase-Curated Data
Transcript and Protein data	Please see the FlyBase Gene Expression Report for details of gene expression from the literature.
Summary of Transcript Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference  adult stage | female   (Ashok et al., 1998)  embryonic stage   (Ashok et al., 1998)  embryonic stage-adult stage   (Ashok et al., 1998)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Summary of Polypeptide Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term	cytoplasm (Shemshedini and Wilson, 1993)
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0002723 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • FBgn0002723 GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0002723
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable Met141 Met27 Met3 lethal | recessive Met153 lethal | partially | pupal stage Met27 Other Phenotypes Allele wild-type Met+tSt-H.hs Meths.PA chemical resistant Met11 Met128 Met1 Met27 Met2 Met3 MetA3 MetD29 MetK17 MetN6 chemical resistant | dominant Met1 MetD29 MetK17 chemical resistant | semidominant Met1 chemical sensitive Met3 Sterility Allele female fertile | reduced Met27 Phenotype manifest in Allele stage S8 oocyte Met27 stage S9 oocyte Met27 stage S10 oocyte Met27 stage S11 oocyte Met27 stage S12 oocyte Met27 stage S13 oocyte Met27 stage S14 oocyte Met27 ovary Met27
Classical Alleles ( 15 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Met Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Met11 X ray 0 -- Met128 X ray 0 -- Met141 P-element activity 0 Yes Met153 P-element activity 0 Yes Met1 amorph ethyl methanesulfonate 1 -- Met253 0 -- Met27 loss of function X ray <up>60</up>Co γ ray 0 Yes Met2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Met3 hypomorph ethyl methanesulfonate 1 -- MetA3 P-element activity 1 Yes MetD29 amorph X ray γ ray 1 -- MetE1 0 -- MetK17 amorph P-element activity 1 Yes MetN6 X ray γ ray 1 -- MetW3 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Met Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Met+tSt-H.hs in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes MetGD4384 in vitro construct | RNAi in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 4 Yes MetK-H.hs in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes MetSt-X.hs in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes Meths.PA in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Useful deficiency	Df(1)m259-4
Disrupted in	Df(1)HA85 (Wilson and Fabian, 1986) Df(1)N71 (Wilson and Fabian, 1986, Shemshedini and Wilson, 1990, Minkoff and Wilson, 1992) Df(1)m13 (Shemshedini and Wilson, 1990) Df(1)m259-4 (Ashok et al., 1998, Wilson and Fabian, 1986, Minkoff and Wilson, 1992)
Not disrupted in	Df(1)JA26 (Wilson and Fabian, 1986) Df(1)KA10 (Wilson and Fabian, 1986) Df(1)KA6 (Wilson and Fabian, 1986) Df(1)N105 (Wilson and Fabian, 1986) Df(1)RA47 (Wilson and Fabian, 1986)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD4384} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions P{?'}Met141 NA P{}MetA3 NA P{}MetK17 NA
Related Comments
	Please look at the allele reports for the complete phenotype data Distribution of juvenile hormone binding proteins between the cytosol and nucleus was studied by photoaffinity labelling with tritiated epoxyfarnesyl diazoacetate. An 85kD cytosolic juvenile hormone binding protein is suggested to be the same as that identified by Shemshedini et al., (JBC 265:1913--1918) alterations in which are correlated with mutations at this locus. (Shemshedini and Wilson, 1993) Rst(1)JH gene product performs a role in the regulation of insect larval molting and metamorphosis of the epidermis and the nervous system. (Riddiford, 1993) Mutations alter Juvenile hormone reception during late larval development. (Turner and Wilson, 1995) Alleles of Rst(1)JH vary in their effects on both uni- and multivariate life history traits. (Flatt and Kawecki, 2004)
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 8 )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
juvenile hormone binding traceable author statement (Wheeler and Nijhout, 2003) non-traceable author statement (FlyBase, 1992-)
signal transducer activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000014 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
transcription factor activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:AB012600; protein_id:BAA33450 (FlyBase, 1992-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
regulation of developmental process inferred from mutant phenotype (Flatt and Kawecki, 2004)
regulation of transcription traceable author statement (Wheeler and Nijhout, 2003)
regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001610 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
signal transduction inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000014, InterPro:IPR001610 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus traceable author statement (Wheeler and Nijhout, 2003) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:AB012600; protein_id:BAA33450 (FlyBase, 1992-)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	protein_coding_gene   nuclear_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Met allele Gene References Rst(1)JHK17 Fas2 (Adam et al., 2003) unspecified br (Wilson et al., 2006)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - Interaction data, including yeast 2-hybrid and genetic interactions • 58523
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF19442 Dere\GG18435 Dgri\GH24193 Dmoj\GI14831 Dper\GL13106 Dpse\GA14297 Dsec\GM13098 Dsim\GD17037 Dvir\GJ19498 Dwil\GK10105 Dyak\GE15657
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA14297   Dvir\Met (Wilson et al., 1999)
Linkouts
Functional Complementation between Species
Inter-Species Misexpression Data
Produces phenotype in
Produces NO phenotype in
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 10 )
Bloomington	3472 Met1 3489 v1 MetN6 3487 v1 MetD29 3480 y1 v1 Met3/Dp(1;Y)y+ 3490 y1 v1 MetK17/C(1)DX/Dp(1;Y)y+ <P> 3493 y1 v1 MetA3/C(1)DX-P/Dp(1;Y)y+ <P>
VDRC	v10801 w1118 P{GD4384}v10801 v45852 w1118; P{GD4384}v45852 v45853 w1118; P{GD4384}v45853 v45854 w1118; P{GD4384}v45854
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR26B05 BACR29A04
cDNA Clones ( 3 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	RE71296
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	HL03612
Other clones	EP08558
RNAi & Array Information
Affy Oligo
Linkouts	DRSC - RNAi screening (Harvard): high-throughput cell culture data and design • FBgn0002723 GenomeRNAi - RNAi phenotypes (Heidelberg): high-throughput cell culture data • FBgn0002723
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Position Effect Variegation Data
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: Rst(1)JH CG1705 (Wang, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments	Six EMS-induced, X-linked mutations resistant to juvenile hormone reported by Arking and Vlach (1970) (now lost); resistance factors varied from 1.4 to 21.5 by their methods. Presumed to be alleles of the mutation described by Wilson and Fabian.
Comments About Role
Comments About Molecular Function
Other Comments
	Located in 10C2-10D4 by deficiency mapping. (Wilson and Fabian, 1986) Molecular cloning and characterisation of the Met gene region. (Turner and Wilson, 1995) Cloning and characterisation of Rst(1)JH. (Ashok et al., 1998)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_078571 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_511126 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AE003486 AAF48071 AF034859 AAC14350 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • O44118 Q9VYW2
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • PAS (IPR000014) Basic helix-loop-helix dimerisation region bHLH (IPR001092) Helix-loop-helix DNA-binding (IPR011598) PAS fold-3 (IPR013655) PAC motif (IPR001610)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - Interaction data, including yeast 2-hybrid and genetic interactions • 58523 DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs • 2511 DRSC - RNAi screening (Harvard): high-throughput cell culture data and design • FBgn0002723 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0002723 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • FBgn0002723 FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0002723 GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0002723 GenomeRNAi - RNAi phenotypes (Heidelberg): high-throughput cell culture data • FBgn0002723 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /sturtevant/res-jh1.htm PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways • FBgn0002723
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 11 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG1705 (Jindra and Flatt, 2007.4.13) Met (Wilson et al., 2006, Flatt and Kawecki, 2004, Flatt and Kawecki, 2005, ffrench-Constant et al., 2004, Adam et al., 2003, Wilson et al., 2002, Wilson et al., 2001, Gilbert et al., 2000, Pursley et al., 2000, Gruntenko et al., 2000, Gruntenko et al., 2000, Gruntenko et al., 1999, Wilson et al., 1999, Pursley et al., 1999, Hahn, 1998, Wilson and Ashok, 1998, Restifo and Wilson, 1998, Feyereisen, 1998, Ashok et al., 1998, Wilson et al., 1998, Wilson et al., 1997, Wilson, 1996, Turner and Wilson, 1995, Henrich and Brown, 1995, Morton, 1993, Segal, 1993, Minkoff and Wilson, 1992, Riddiford and Ashburner, 1991, Shemshedini and Wilson, 1990, Shemshedini et al., 1990, Wilson and Fabian, 1986, Flatt et al., 2006, Riddiford, 1993, Flatt et al., 2005, Wilson et al., 2003, Jindra and Flatt, 2007.4.13, Wilson et al., 2006, Jindra and Konopova, 2008) met (Wheeler and Nijhout, 2003, ffrench-Constant et al., 2006) Mett   Rst(1)JH (Jindra and Flatt, 2007.4.13, Ledent and Vervoort, 2001, Schneider, 2000, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
Name Synonym	juvenile hormone resistance (Wilson, 1997.11.17) Methoprene-tolerant (Beno et al., 2005, ffrench-Constant et al., 2004, Wheeler and Nijhout, 2003, Wilson et al., 2002, Wilson et al., 1998, Wilson et al., 1997, Wilson, 1996, Turner and Wilson, 1995, Flatt et al., 2005, Wilson et al., 2003, Jindra and Flatt, 2007.4.13, Wilson et al., 2006) methoprene tolerant (Morton, 1993) methoprene-tolerant (Flatt et al., 2006, Jindra and Flatt, 2007.4.13) Resistance (1) Juvenile H (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) Resistance to Juvenile Hormone (Flatt et al., 2005, Jindra and Flatt, 2007.4.13)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 59 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 59 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 24 ) Supplementary material  ( 1 ) Review  ( 12 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 3 ) Abstract  ( 13 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 2 )
	Wilson et al., 2006, Genetics 172(1): 253--264 Interaction between hormonal signaling pathways in Drosophila melanogaster as revealed by genetic interaction between Methoprene-tolerant and Broad-Complex. [FBrf0190778] Wilson et al., 2006, Molec. Genet. Genomics 276(3): 294--303 Wide mutational spectrum of a gene involved in hormone action and insecticide resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0193291] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews ( 1 )
	ffrench-Constant et al., 2006, BioEssays 28(1): 6--8 Resistance and the jumping gene. [FBrf0189798] Show all reviews ...