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Gene Dmel\l(2)gd1

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\l(2)gd1	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	lethal (2) giant discs 1	Annotation symbol	CG4713
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0250747
Created / Updated	2008-01-24/2008-01-24
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2L	Recombination map	2-[41]
Cytogenetic map	32D3-32D4	Sequence location	2L:11,106,952..11,110,852 [+]
Map ( GBrowse )	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene lethal (2) giant discs 1 is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol l(2)gd1 (CG4713, FBgn0250747). It has the cytological map location 32D3-32D4. Its sequence location is 2L:11106952..11110852. Its molecular function is unknown. It is involved in the biological processes: sensory organ development; wing disc morphogenesis; imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis; compound eye development; negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway; intracellular protein transport. 12 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with 24 unique terms, many of which group under: thoracic segment; imaginal precursor; peripheral nervous system; organ system; nervous system; larval thorax; egg; dorsal thoracic disc; adult segment; larval labial segment. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	l(2)gd1: lethal (2) giant discs Pupariation delayed, up to nine days in crowded cultures; pupariation is but one day in uncrowded cultures. Discs continue to grow, becoming very large with long delays. Mutant discs transplanted into normal larval hosts metamorphose; cuticular patterns normal but bristles and to a greater degree sensillae and bracts missing; unguis missing from tarsal claws; tarsi two jointed. Mutant discs yield low incidence of trans-determination.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 32D3-32D4   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}ppoEP2478&P{lacW}l(2)k15817k15817 and P{lacW}RfC38k13807
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2-[41]   2-42.7 +/- 0.5 (Bryant and Schubiger, 1971)
Left of (cM)	amos Bl (Bryant and Schubiger, 1971)
Right of (cM)	wg J (Bryant and Schubiger, 1971)
Notes
Molecular Map Data
Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology) References Gene Order (overall orientation not stated) References
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\l(2)gd1 for information on other features
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) l(2)gd1-RA FBtr0080197  NM_135644   2981   816
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kD) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein l(2)gd1-PA   FBpp0079786   89.0   816   5.01     NP_609488   AAF53069
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kD)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • C2 calcium/lipid-binding region, CaLB (IPR008973) Protein of unknown function DM14 (IPR006608) C2 calcium-dependent membrane targeting (IPR000008)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA439448   AA698450   AA940811   AE003631 AAF53069   AI404590   AI530761   AI533142   AW942661   AY058523 AAL13752   BG639487   BI167525   BI236109   BI358348   BI363033   BI367264   BI370386   BI587164   BI616964   BI623644   BI638774   CL527761   CO189396   CO261996   CO262547   CO268298   CO270388   CO270603   CO274106   CO283730   CO289753   CO290010   CO306892   CO328574   CO342195   CO344500   EC057831   EC059327   EC070449   EC070988   EC078676   EC082474   EC088775   EC204262   EC206186   EC208275   EC208410   EC208437   EC219163   EC219903   EC230748   EC231533   EC238400   EC252467   EC256021   SD01334
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q9VKJ9
Maps to
Does NOT map to
Identified with	LD23056 (BDGP Project Members, 2000-)
Mapped Features & Mutations
Please see GBrowse or insertion reports for information on insertions of transgenic constructs and features not listed here Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
FlyBase-Curated Data
Transcript and Protein data	Please see the FlyBase Gene Expression Report for details of gene expression from the literature.
Summary of Transcript Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Summary of Polypeptide Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
External Data & Images
Linkouts
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | recessive l(2)gd11 l(2)gd13 l(2)gd1d3 lethal | larval stage | recessive l(2)gd14 lethal | pupal stage l(2)gd11 lethal | pupal stage | recessive l(2)gd11 lethal | pharate adult stage | recessive l(2)gd11 l(2)gd1d3 cell lethal | somatic clone l(2)gd1d7 Other Phenotypes Allele visible | recessive l(2)gd11 hyperplastic l(2)gd1d3 hyperplastic | recessive l(2)gd11 l(2)gd14 l(2)gd1d3 l(2)gd1d7 Phenotype manifest in Allele imaginal disc l(2)gd11 l(2)gd14 l(2)gd1d7 larval brain l(2)gd11 denticle belt | ventral l(2)gd11 l(2)gd1d3 larval head l(2)gd11 l(2)gd1d3 dorsal appendage l(2)gd11 l(2)gd1d3 egg l(2)gd11 l(2)gd1d3 larval maxillary sense organ l(2)gd11 l(2)gd1d3 larval antennal sense organ l(2)gd11 l(2)gd1d3 Keilin's organ l(2)gd11 l(2)gd1d3 cephalopharyngeal skeleton l(2)gd11 l(2)gd1d3 wing & pharate adult l(2)gd11 l(2)gd13 wing | anterior/posterior compartment boundary l(2)gd11 labial disc l(2)gd11 eye-antennal disc l(2)gd11 dorsal mesothoracic disc l(2)gd11 l(2)gd1d10 dorsal metathoracic disc l(2)gd11 ventral thoracic disc l(2)gd11 genital disc l(2)gd11 ventral metathoracic disc l(2)gd11 l(2)gd1d7 imaginal ring l(2)gd11 salivary gland imaginal ring l(2)gd11 macrochaeta l(2)gd11 socket l(2)gd11 prothoracic tarsal segment & pharate adult l(2)gd13 mesothoracic tarsal segment & pharate adult l(2)gd13 metathoracic tarsal segment & pharate adult l(2)gd13 antenna & pharate adult l(2)gd13 dorsal appendage | germ-line clone l(2)gd1d3 sensory mother cell | somatic clone l(2)gd1d7 wing vein | somatic clone l(2)gd1d7
Classical Alleles ( 9 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of l(2)gd1 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion l(2)gd11 spontaneous 0 Yes l(2)gd13 hypomorph ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- l(2)gd14 hypomorph X ray 0 -- l(2)gd1EY04750 P-element activity 1 -- l(2)gd1J12 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes l(2)gd1d10 0 -- l(2)gd1d3 P-element activity 0 -- l(2)gd1d7 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes l(2)gd1unspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 3 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of l(2)gd1 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion l(2)gd1+tCa in vitro construct | genomic fragment 0 Yes l(2)gd1GD11405 in vitro construct | RNAi in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 1 Yes l(2)gd1Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct | regulatory fusion in vitro construct | coding region fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Useful duplication	Dp(2;2)Mdh3
Useful deficiency	Df(2L)FCK-20
Not disrupted in	Df(2L)J106 (Salas and Lengyel, 1984) Df(2L)J233 (Salas and Lengyel, 1984) Df(2L)J77 (Salas and Lengyel, 1984) T(Y;2)Jrv99 (Salas and Lengyel, 1984)
Disrupted in	Df(2L)Exel6027 (Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}l(2)SH0495SH0495 No insertion of mobile activating element P{EPgy2}l(2)gd1EY04750 NA
Related Comments
	Please look at the allele reports for the complete phenotype data Mutants at l(2)gd1 exhibit hyperplastic overgrowth. (Jursnich et al., 1990) Endocrine mechanisms responsible for the prolongation of larval life in l(2)gd1 mutants were investigated: results suggest that delayed pupariation is caused by the overgrown imaginal discs inhibiting the production or release of ecdysteroids from the endocrine system. (Sehnal and Bryant, 1993) The third leg disc duplication depends on the expression of wg and dpp. (Buratovich and Bryant, 1995) Mutants display hyperplastic phenotype, with imaginal disc overgrowth. (Mechler, 1994)
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 7 )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
compound eye development inferred from mutant phenotype (Klein, 2003)
imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Klein, 2003)
intracellular protein transport inferred from mutant phenotype (Childress et al., 2006)
negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway inferred from mutant phenotype (Childress et al., 2006)
sensory organ development inferred from mutant phenotype (Klein, 2003)
wing disc morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Klein, 2003)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Childress et al., 2006)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene   protein_coding_gene   nuclear_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions l(2)gd1 allele Gene References l(2)gd11 ft (Buratovich and Bryant, 1997) dpp (Buratovich and Bryant, 1995) ds (Buratovich and Bryant, 1997) wg (Buratovich and Bryant, 1995) cg (Buratovich and Bryant, 1997) vg (Agrawal et al., 1995) l(2)gd13 vg (Agrawal et al., 1995) l(2)gd1d7 N (Klein, 2003) Psn (Klein, 2003) Ser (Klein, 2003) obk (Atallah et al., 2004) unspecified Hrs (Childress et al., 2006)
External Data
Linkouts
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF15641 Dere\GG23706 Dgri\GH10307 Dmoj\GI17069 Dper\GL19542 Dpse\GA18377 Dsec\GM18896 Dsim\GD23762 Dvir\GJ10553 Dwil\GK18364 Dyak\GE18513
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA18377
Linkouts
Functional Complementation between Species
Inter-Species Misexpression Data
Produces phenotype in
Produces NO phenotype in
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 2 )
VDRC	v21928 w1118 P{GD11405}v21928
Bloomington	16614 y1 w67c23; P{EPgy2}l(2)gd1EY04750/CyO
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR09F02 BACR20O15
cDNA Clones ( 30 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD23056
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	SD04867 RE32112 RH55958 RE07924 LD14025 RH27645 GH24357 RH47150 RE56884 HL04707 RE52984 SD21147 RE47734 RE45092
Other clones	EK083416 EK044163 SD01334 EK085731 EK099425 EK113203 EK252721 EK071954 EK290915 EK098732 EK072844 EP14133 EK164204 EK090855 EP19404
RNAi & Array Information
Affy Oligo
Linkouts
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Position Effect Variegation Data
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: l(2)gd1 CG4713 (Childress et al., 2006)
Additional comments
Comments About Role
	Tumor suppressor genes act in combination to control cell proliferation. Tissue hyperplasia can be associated with ectopic expression of genes involved in pattern formation. The enhancement of leg disc duplication in l(2)gd1 mutants by ft is mediated by dpp. (Buratovich and Bryant, 1997) l(2)gd1 has a role in wing vein, eye and bristle formation. (Klein, 2003) The l(2)gd1 product regulates N signaling in a manner that is independent of the N ligands, Dl and Ser. The genetic interaction between l(2)gd1 and Hrs, and the accumulation of N protein in subcellular puncta suggests that l(2)gd1 has a role in N protein trafficking. (Childress et al., 2006)
Comments About Molecular Function
	l(2)gd1 is required to restrict N activity to the dorsal ventral boundary during wing development. (Klein, 2003)
Other Comments
	dsRNA has been made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene. (Childress et al., 2006)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_135644 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_609488 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • CL527761 AY058523 AW942661 AE003631 AA940811 AAL13752 AAF53069 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q9VKJ9
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • C2 calcium/lipid-binding region, CaLB (IPR008973) Protein of unknown function DM14 (IPR006608) C2 calcium-dependent membrane targeting (IPR000008)
Linkouts
	Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /sturtevant/lgiantdsc1.htm
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 9 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG4713 (Childress et al., 2006, Childress et al., 2006) gd (Szabad, 1998, Mechler, 1994) l(2)gd (Jaiswal et al., 2005, Atallah et al., 2004, Nedelcheva et al., 2001, Santaren et al., 1998, Buratovich and Bryant, 1997, Mukherjee et al., 1995, Mechler, 1994, Malva et al., 1994, Gateff, 1994, Buratovich and Bryant, 1995, Gigliotti et al., 1993, Bryant, 1969, Schmidt, 1989, Gateff and Mechler, 1989, Bryant and Levinson, 1985, Salas and Lengyel, 1984, Gateff, 1978) l(2)gd1   l(2)giant disc (Potter et al., 2000) l2gd (Ryerse and Nagel, 1984) lgd (Childress et al., 2006, Agrawal et al., 1995, Watson et al., 1994, Sehnal and Bryant, 1993, Skaer, 1993, Szabad et al., 1991, Bryant and Schmidt, 1990, Jursnich et al., 1990, Tyler et al., 2007, Childress et al., 2007)
Name Synonym	CG4713   lethal (2) giant discs 1   lethal giant discs (Childress et al., 2007, Childress et al., 2006)</