Gene Dmel\His1

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General Information

Symbol

Dmel\His1

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Histone H1

Annotation symbol

Feature type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0001195

Created / Updated

2006-05-31/2006-05-31

Genomic Location

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-55

Cytogenetic map

39D3-39E1

Sequence location

Summary Information

Automatically generated summary

See sections below for more information

The gene Histone H1 is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol His1 (FBgn0001195). It has the cytological map location 39D3-39E1. It has not been localized to the genome sequence. Its molecular function is described as DNA binding. It is involved in the biological processes: chromatin assembly or disassembly; negative regulation of histone modification; nucleosome assembly. One allele is reported. No phenotypic data is available. It has no annotated transcripts.

External Summaries

Detailed Mapping Data

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

39D3-39E1

Left limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0029738) Right limit from molecular mapping relative to His2A (FBrf0044950)

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

39D-39E

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Fitch et al., 1990)

39D3-39E2

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Pardue et al., 1977)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-55

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Molecular Map Data

Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology)

References

Gene Order (overall orientation not stated)

References

Overall orientation not stated: His2B+ His1- His3- His4+ His2A-

(Domier et al., 1986)

Gene Model & Products

Comments on Gene Model

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Associated CDS (aa)

Additional Transcript Data & Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

Nuclear run-on transcription assays demonstrate that modulation of transcription frequency by controlling the escape of RNA polymerase II from a step early in transcript elongation may be a common mechanism in gene regulation.

(Rougvie and Lis, 1990)

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kD)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank protein

Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments

Reported size (kD)

Comments

External Data

Linkouts

Crossreferences

InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites

•

Histone H1/H5 (IPR005818)

Histone H5 (IPR005819)

Winged helix repressor DNA-binding (IPR011991)

Linker histone, N-terminal (IPR003216)

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

DDBJ /
EMBL /
GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

Name

P02255

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q5BI49

Maps to

Does NOT map to

Identified with

LD45862

(BDGP Project Members, 2000-)

D1328

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Mapped Features & Mutations

Type

Symbol & Location

Additional Notes

References

External Data

Linkouts

Crossreferences

EPD - Eukarytoic Promoter Database, an annotated collection of POL II promoters

•

14016

Expression Data

FlyBase-Curated Data

Transcript and
Protein data

Please see the FlyBase Gene Expression Report for details of gene expression from the literature.

Summary of Transcript Expression

Stage

Tissue/Position

Reference

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Summary of Polypeptide Expression

Stage

Tissue/Position

Reference

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

External Data & Images

Linkouts

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

•

FBgn0001195

Alleles & Phenotypes

Summary of Allele Phenotypes

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

Classical Alleles ( 0 )

For All Classical Alleles Show

Allele of His1	Class	Mutagen	Stocks	Known lesion

Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 1 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Allele of His1	Class	Mutagen	Stocks	Known lesion
His1^{MNPV(Op)\IE-2.T:Avic\GFP,T:SV5\V5,T:Zzzz\His6}		in vitro construct \| regulatory fusion in vitro construct \| coding region fusion	0	Yes

Aneuploid Aberrations

Useful deficiency

Df(2L)DS6

Useful duplication

Dp(2;f)Bl

Disrupted in

Df(2L)C239

(Moore et al., 1981)

Duplicated in

Dp(2;1)C239

(Moore et al., 1981)

Transgenic Constructs & Insertions

Transgenic Constructs

Type of construct

Name

Expression data

Insertions

Type of insertions

Name

Expression data

Related Comments

Please look at the allele reports for the complete phenotype data

Encodes Histone-H1. See HIS-C record. H1 associates with DNA between nucleosomes. The ratio of H1 to nucleosome core histones is higher in the salivary glands of larvae than in the cells of young embryos (Holmgren, Johansson, Lambertsson, and Rasmusson, 1985). The expression of the histone genes changes in mid-embryogenesis (Ambrosio and Schedl, 1985; Ruddell and Jacobs-Lorena, 1985). The egg chambers contain a variable and low level of mRNA during nurse cell polytenization; however, at the end of stage 10, all the nurse cells accumulate histone mRNA which is turned over to the growing oocytes as the nurse cells degenerate. Heterozygosity for full or partial deficiency of the histone genes suppresses variegation (B^SV, Sb^v, w^m4); duplications without effect on level of variegation (Moore, Sinclair and Grigliatti, 1983). Transcription not repressed by heat shock (Spradling, Pardue and Penman, 1977).

4.8kb and 5.0kb repeats containing the histone genes His1, His2A, His2B, His3 and His4 are present in all of the more than 20 D.melanogaster strains studied. The strains differ in the relative amounts of the two repeat types, with the 5.0kb repeat always present in equal or greater amounts than the 4.8kb repeat. The strains also differ in a number of far less abundant fragments containing histone gene sequences.

(Strausbaugh and Weinberg, 1982)

The expression of HIS-C genes, including His1, during oogenesis has been studied, and compared to periods of DNA synthesis and actin expression during this developmental stage.

(Ruddell and Jacobs-Lorena, 1985)

The genomic organisation of the histone genes in D.hydei closely resembles that of D.melanogaster.

(Kremer and Hennig, 1990)

His1 is a general repressor of transcription.

(Croston et al., 1991)

Scaffold attachment region sequences are implicated in the regional opening or closing of chromatin, possibly through their ability to serve as regulators for the His1-induced condensation of chromatin.

(Kas et al., 1993)

The position of the homologous histone gene repeats within the nuclei of early embryo cells has been investigated. The two homologous histone gene clusters are distinct and separate through all stages of the cell cycle up to nuclear cycle 13. During interphase of cycle 14, the two clusters colocalise with high frequency, and move from near the midline of the nucleus towards the apical side.

(Hiraoka et al., 1993)

The codon bias of the histone genes from D.melanogaster and D.hydei illustrates that the generalisation that abundantly expressed genes have a high codon bias and low rates of silent substitution does not hold for the histone genes.

(Fitch and Strausbaugh, 1993)

In vivo UV cross-linking and nuclear run-on assays shows that RNA polymerase II density on the Hsp70Bb gene is rapidly repressed by heat shock.

(O'Brien and Lis, 1993)

DNA replication of the 5kb histone gene repeating unit in tissue culture cells (Drosophila Kc cells) initiates at multiple sites located within the repeating unit. Several replication pause sites are located at 5' upstream regions of some histone genes.

(Shinomiya and Ina, 1993)

polo gene product immunoprecipitated from single Drosophila embryos can phosphorylate casein in vitro, and the kinase activity peaks cyclically at late anaphase/telophase. This contrasts with the cycling of CycB associated p34^cdc2 histone H1 kinase, which is maximal upon entry into mitosis during the rapid syncitial mitoses.

(Fenton and Glover, 1993)

Efficient repression of transcription by polymerase II in this system does not require the presence of His1.

(Sandaltzopoulos et al., 1994)

Chromatin in a cell free chromatin assembly system derived from embryos contains an activity that hydrolyses ATP to render entire nucleosome arrays mobile even in the absence of ATP, and even in the presence of histone H1.

(Varga-Weisz et al., 1995)

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene was transfected onto wild-type Kc cells to determine whether the presence of His1 is essential for the association of ribosomal proteins on chromatin. Using this method, His1 is considered essential for the association of ribosomal proteins with chromatin.

(Ni et al., 2006)

Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 6 )

Molecular Function

CV term

Evidence

References

DNA binding

non-traceable author statement

(Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1986.7.21)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005818, InterPro:IPR005819

(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)

Biological Process

CV term

Evidence

References

chromatin assembly or disassembly

non-traceable author statement

(Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1986.7.21)

negative regulation of histone modification

inferred from direct assay

(Ni et al., 2006)

nucleosome assembly

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005818, InterPro:IPR005819

(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)

Cellular Component

CV term

Evidence

References

nucleosome

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005818, InterPro:IPR005819

(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)

nucleus

non-traceable author statement

(Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1986.7.21)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005818, InterPro:IPR005819

(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

member_gene_array

protein_coding_gene

nuclear_gene

Interactions & Pathways

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interacts with

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

His1 allele

Gene

References

External Data

Linkouts

Orthologs

Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs

Curated drosophilid orthologs

Dere\His1

Dhaw\His1

Dhyd\His1

Dmau\His1

Dore\His1

Dsec\His1

Dsim\His1

Dtei\His1

Dvir\His1.1

Dvir\His1.2

Dvir\His1.3

Dyak\His1

Linkouts

Functional Complementation between Species

Inter-Species Misexpression Data

Produces phenotype in

Produces NO phenotype in

Stocks & Reagents

Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 0 )

Genomic Clones ( 0 )

cDNA Clones ( 0 )

cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi & Array Information

Affy Oligo

Linkouts

Antibody Information

Other Information

Discoverer

Etymology

Identification

Position Effect Variegation Data

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identity of

Source for database merge of

Encoded by

Component gene(s)

Additional comments

Comments About Role

Nascent chain nuclear run-on assays in KC161 cells reveal different responses to heat shock for different genes. Transcription of His1 is severely inhibited under mild heat shocks, of Act5C decreases proportionally with increasing temperature while that of the core histone genes or the heat shock cognates is repressed only under extreme heat shock. Increased transcription of the heat shock genes is observed within 1-2 mins of heat shock and maximal rates were reached within 2-5 minutes. Rates of transcription vary over a 20-fold range.

(Vazquez et al., 1993)

The distribution of His1 protein on the 'Alu-repeat' DNA in the non-transcribed spacer of the ribosomal repeat (bb) and on 1.688-g/cm³ satDNA has been mapped.

(Belikov et al., 1993)

Comments About Molecular Function

Other Comments

DNaseI footprinting analysis reveals that histone His1, unlike His2A, His2B, His3 and His4, fails to bind to the kni, Kr and Ubx minimal enhancer elements.

(Kerrigan and Kadonaga, 1992)

Comparison of CpG distribution in the coding region of 121 genes from six species supports the mCpG mutational hotspot explanation of CpG suppression in methylated species at position II-III and III-I.

(Schorderet and Gartler, 1992)

His1 is misexpressed in the PNS of da mutant embryos.

(Hassan and Vaessin, 1997)

External Crossreferences & Linkouts

Sequence Crossreferences

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

•

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

•

P02255

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

•

Q5BI49

Other Crossreferences

EPD - Eukarytoic Promoter Database, an annotated collection of POL II promoters

•

14016

InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites

•

Histone H1/H5 (IPR005818)

Histone H5 (IPR005819)

Winged helix repressor DNA-binding (IPR011991)

Linker histone, N-terminal (IPR003216)

Linkouts

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

•

FBgn0001195

FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans

•

FBgn0001195

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

•

/polycomb/histn1-1.htm

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 11 )

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

DmeH1

(Fitch and Strausbaugh, 1993)

(Camporeale et al., 2007, Ivanovska et al., 2005, Kim, 2004, Pirrotta, 2004, McBryant et al., 2003, Andrioli et al., 2002, Conaway et al., 2002, Wassarman and Sauer, 2001, Yu and Wolfner, 2002, Ner et al., 2001, Berloco et al., 2001, Kleene, 2001, Pham and Sauer, 2000, Fenger et al., 2000, Farkas et al., 2000, Renner et al., 2000, Reim et al., 1999, Chen et al., 1999, Schienman et al., 1998, Pazin et al., 1998, Borgnetto et al., 1999, Karetsou et al., 1998, Belyaeva et al., 1998, Walker and Bownes, 1998, Martinez-Balbas et al., 1998, Hassan and Vaessin, 1997, Strausbaugh and Williams, 1996, Santiago et al., 1995, Karr et al., 1995, Blank and Becker, 1995, Granok et al., 1995, Kamakaka and Kadonaga, 1993, Sandaltzopoulos et al., 1994, Belikov et al., 1993, Belikov et al., 1993, Shinomiya and Ina, 1993, O'Brien and Lis, 1993, Kas et al., 1993, Svaren and Horz, 1993, Kerrigan and Kadonaga, 1992, Becker and Wu, 1992, Wagner et al., 1992, Croston et al., 1992, Kas and Laemmli, 1992, Franke et al., 1992, Croston et al., 1991, Shinomiya and Ina, 1991, Udvardy and Schedl, 1991, Harisanova et al., 1991, Harisanova and Ralchev, 1991, Kremer and Hennig, 1990, Amati and Gasser, 1990, Fitch et al., 1990, Hill et al., 1989, Domier et al., 1986, Ruddell and Jacobs-Lorena, 1985, Maile et al., 2004, Lanzotti et al., 2002, Camporeale et al., 2006)

H1A

(Li and Vaessin, 2000)

his

(Matsushima and Kaguni, 2007)

His1

HisC

(Greil et al., 2003, van Steensel et al., 2001)

hisl

(McVean and Vieira, 1999)

histone

(Corpet and Almouzni, 2007)

Name Synonym

histone

(Matsushima et al., 2004, Kagansky et al., 2004, McKee, 2004, Crevel et al., 2001, McKee et al., 2000, Donaghue et al., 2001, Crevel et al., 2001, Gemkow et al., 2001, Foe et al., 2000, Brent et al., 2000, Marley et al., 2000, Fitch and Wakimoto, 1998, Fung et al., 1998, Troyer et al., 1998, Baker et al., 1993, Machida et al., 2005, Wagner et al., 2008)

Histone

(Parsons et al., 2003)

Histone H1

(Papp and Muller, 2006, Roque et al., 2004)

histone H1

(Ni et al., 2006, Horner et al., 2006, GroÃƒÂŸhans et al., 2007, Lanzotti et al., 2002, Kent, 2008, Boehm et al., 2003)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 142 )

Generate a list of

All references relating to this gene ( 142 )

List References by type

Recent research papers ( 6 )

Camporeale et al., 2007, J. Nutr. 137(4): 885--889: Susceptibility to heat stress and aberrant gene expression patterns in holocarboxylase synthetase-deficient Drosophila melanogaster are caused by decreased biotinylation of histones, not of carboxylases. [FBrf0201013]
Matsushima and Kaguni, 2007, J. Biol. Chem. 282(13): 9436--9444: Differential phenotypes of active site and human autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia mutations in Drosophila mitochondrial DNA helicase expressed in Schneider cells. [FBrf0200362]
Camporeale et al., 2006, J. Nutr. 136(11): 2735--2742: Drosophila melanogaster holocarboxylase synthetase is a chromosomal protein required for normal histone biotinylation, gene transcription patterns, lifespan, and heat tolerance. [FBrf0192768]
Horner et al., 2006, Curr. Biol. 16(14): 1441--1446: The Drosophila calcipressin sarah is required for several aspects of egg activation. [FBrf0195355]
Ni et al., 2006, Genes Dev. 20(14): 1959--1973: Drosophila ribosomal proteins are associated with linker histone H1 and suppress gene transcription. [FBrf0194270]
Papp and Muller, 2006, Genes Dev. 20(15): 2041--2054: Histone trimethylation and the maintenance of transcriptional ON and OFF states by trxG and PcG proteins. [FBrf0194911]

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Recent reviews (0)

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