A Database of Drosophila Genes & Genomes

FB2008_07, released August 8, 2008
 

Gene Dmel\Fmrf

General Information
SymbolDmel\FmrfSpeciesD. melanogaster
NameFMRFamide-relatedAnnotation symbolCG2346
Feature typeprotein_coding_geneFlyBase IDFBgn0000715
Created / Updated2003-12-02/2003-12-02
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)2RRecombination map
Cytogenetic map46C4-46C4Sequence location2R:5,793,796..5,797,969 [+]
Map ( GBrowse ) detailed view
hide Summary Information
Automatically generated summary

See sections below for more information
The gene FMRFamide-related is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Fmrf (CG2346, FBgn0000715). It has the cytological map location 46C4. Its sequence location is 2R:5793796..5797969. Its molecular function is described as: hormone activity; neuropeptide hormone activity. It is involved in the biological processes: neuropeptide signaling pathway; negative regulation of heart contraction. 11 alleles are reported. No phenotypic data is available. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide.

External Summaries

hide Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage
Fmrf: FMRF amide homologue precursor
Encodes the precursor polypeptide that is processed to generate a nonapeptide, DPKQDFMRFamide, that shares homology with the FMRFamide neuropeptide from molluscs. Gene appears to be expressed from late embryogenesis through the adult stage (see also White, Hurteau, and Punsal, 1986, J. Comp. Neurol. 247: 430-38).
hide Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
46C4-46C4  
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)k07803k07803&P{lacW}l(2)k08816k08816 and P{lacW}l(2)k08601k08601  
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
46C1-46C2
 
(Taghert, 1995.10.16)
46C-46C
(determined by in situ hybridisation)  
(Schneider and Taghert, 1990)
46C-46C
(determined by in situ hybridisation)  
(Schneider and Taghert, 1988)
46C-46C
(determined by in situ hybridisation)  
(Nambu et al., 1988)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Molecular Map Data
Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology)
References
In direction of increasing cytology: l(2)46Cb? l(2)46Cc? Fmrf+
(O'Brien et al., 1994)
Gene Order (overall orientation not stated)
References
Overall orientation not stated: peo? Fmrf?
(Cenci et al., 1998)
hide Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Fmrf for information on other features
detailed view FBtr0088383 FBtr0088384 FBpp0087471 FBpp0087472 FBti0021683 FBti0042477 FBti0049982
Comments on Gene Model
hide Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Associated CDS (aa)
Fmrf-RA
FBtr0088383
 NM_078945
  1437
  347
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
1.7 (northern blot)
(Schneider and Taghert, 1988, Nambu et al., 1988)
Comments
A second 0.7 kb transcript on Northern blots was initially identified as Fmrf, but was proposed to be another, unrelated gene by the same authors in a later publication (FBrf0052183).
(Schneider and Taghert, 1990)
External Data
Crossreferences
hide Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kD)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank protein
Fmrf-PA  
FBpp0087471  
40.2  
347  
9.16  
  NP_523669
  AAF58874
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kD)
347, 9 (aa)
(Nambu et al., 1988)
342 (aa); 39 (kD predicted)
(Schneider and Taghert, 1988)
Comments
The 347 aa Fmrf propeptide contains 15 potential 9 amino acid amidated peptides.
(Nambu et al., 1988)
External Data
Linkouts
PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways
•
Crossreferences
InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites
•
FMRFamide-related peptide (IPR002544)
Protein of unknown function GLTT (IPR008165)
hide Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ /
EMBL /
GenBank
DNA sequence
Protein sequence
Name
AE003831
AAF58874
 
AY070639
AAL48110
 
BH759303
 
BI570176
 
BI590355
 
BI609056
 
BI618499
 
J03232
AAA28536
 
M32640
 
M32641
AAA28537
 
M36147
 
M37711
AAA28538
 
U38796
 
X53301
CAA37389
 
X76204
CAA53798
 
 
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Maps to
    Does NOT map to
    Identified with
    (BDGP Project Members, 2000-)
    (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
    hide Mapped Features & Mutations
    Please see GBrowse or insertion reports for information on insertions of transgenic constructs and features not listed here
    Type
    Symbol & Location
    Additional Notes
    References
    hide External Data
    Linkouts
    DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs
    •
    Crossreferences
    hide Expression Data
    FlyBase-Curated Data
    Transcript and
    Protein data     		Please see the FlyBase Gene Expression Report for details of gene expression from the literature.
    hide Summary of Transcript Expression
    Stage
    Tissue/Position
    Reference
     embryonic stage | stage >=16
     neuron | subset
    (Schneider et al., 1991)
     larval stage
     
    (Nambu et al., 1988)
     larval stage
     neuron | subset
    (Schneider et al., 1991)
     larval stage
     central nervous system | restricted
    (Schneider et al., 1991)
     prepupal stage-adult stage
     central nervous system | restricted
    (O'Brien et al., 1991)
     embryonic stage | stage >=16
     central nervous system | restricted
    (Schneider et al., 1991)
     prepupal stage-adult stage
     neuron | subset
    (O'Brien et al., 1991)
     larval stage-adult stage
     
    (Schneider and Taghert, 1988)
     adult stage
     
    (Nambu et al., 1988)
     embryonic stage | late
     
    (Nambu et al., 1988)
    Marker for
      Subcellular Localization
      CV Term
      hide Summary of Polypeptide Expression
      Stage
      Tissue/Position
      Reference
       prepupal stage-adult stage
       central nervous system | restricted
      (O'Brien et al., 1991)
       embryonic stage | stage >=15
       neuron | subset
      (Schneider et al., 1991)
       embryonic stage | stage >=15
       central nervous system | restricted
      (Schneider et al., 1991)
       larval stage
       central nervous system | restricted
      (Schneider et al., 1991)
       larval stage
       neuron | subset
      (Schneider et al., 1991)
       prepupal stage-adult stage
       neuron | subset
      (O'Brien et al., 1991)
      Marker for
        Subcellular Localization
        CV Term
        hide External Data & Images
        Linkouts
        FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
        •
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        •
        GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies
        •
        hide Alleles & Phenotypes
        hide Summary of Allele Phenotypes
        Phenotype manifest in
        Allele
        hide Classical Alleles ( 1 )
        For All Classical Alleles Show

        Allele of FmrfClassMutagenStocksKnown lesion
        FmrfKG013001 --
        hide Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )
        For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

        Allele of FmrfClassMutagenStocksKnown lesion
        FmrfDPKQDFMRF0 Yes
        FmrfGD52761 Yes
        FmrfMDSNFIRF0 Yes
        FmrfPDNFMRF0 Yes
        FmrfSAPQDFVRS0 Yes
        FmrfSDNFMRF0 Yes
        FmrfSPKQDFMRF0 Yes
        FmrfSVQDNFMHF0 Yes
        FmrfScer\UAS.cMa0 Yes
        FmrfTPAEDFMRF0 Yes
        hide Aneuploid Aberrations
        Not disrupted in
        (O'Brien et al., 1991, O'Brien et al., 1994, Bour et al., 1995)
        (Nambu et al., 1988, O'Brien et al., 1994)
        Disrupted in
        (Bour et al., 1995)
        (O'Brien et al., 1994)
        (O'Brien et al., 1991, O'Brien et al., 1994, Bour et al., 1995)
        hide Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
        Transgenic Constructs
        Type of construct
        Name
        Expression data
        reporter construct
        P{Fmrf-lacZ.Tv.mABC}
        No
        P{Fmrf-lacZ.Tv.mC}
        No
        P{Fmrf-lacZ.Tv}
        No
        P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF14}
        No
        P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF15}
        No
        P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF37}
        No
        P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF38}
        No
        P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF43}
        No
        P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF45}
        No
        P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF46}
        No
        P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF47}
        No
        P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF48}
        No
        P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF50}
        No
        P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF51}
        No
        P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF52}
        No
        P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF53}
        No
        P{Fmrf-lacZ.WF9}
        No
        P{WF11}
        No
        P{WF16}
        No
        P{WF17}
        No
        P{WF22}
        Yes
        P{WF27}
        No
        P{WF3}
        Yes
        P{WF42}
        No
        P{WF4}
        No
        P{WF6}
        No
        P{WF7}
        No
        P{WF8}
        No
        UAS construct
        P{GD5276}
        NA
        P{UAS-Fmrf.M}
        NA
        Insertions
        Type of insertions
        Name
        Expression data
        miscellaneous insertions
        P{SUPor-P}FmrfKG01300
        NA
        hide Related Comments
        Please look at the allele reports for the complete phenotype data
        Encodes the precursor polypeptide that is processed to generate a nonapeptide, DPKQDFMRFamide, that shares homology with the FMRFamide neuropeptide from molluscs. Gene appears to be expressed from late embryogenesis through the adult stage (see also White, Hurteau and Punsal, 1986).
         
        Genetic and molecular analysis of the 46C-46D region suggests that Fmrf is not an essential gene.
        (O'Brien et al., 1994)
        hide Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 4 )
        hide Molecular Function
        CV term
        Evidence
        References
        hormone activity
        non-traceable author statement
        (vanden Broeck, 2001)
        non-traceable author statement
        (Hewes and Taghert, 2001)
        neuropeptide hormone activity
        traceable author statement
        (Baggerman et al., 2002)
        non-traceable author statement
        (FlyBase, 1992-)
        non-traceable author statement
        (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1989.7.1)
        hide Biological Process
        CV term
        Evidence
        References
        negative regulation of heart contraction
        inferred from direct assay
        (Johnson et al., 2000)
        neuropeptide signaling pathway
        non-traceable author statement
        (vanden Broeck, 2001)
        traceable author statement
        (Baggerman et al., 2002)
        non-traceable author statement
        (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1989.7.1)
        inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002544
        (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
        hide Cellular Component
        CV term
        Evidence
        References
        hide Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
        protein_coding_gene
         
        nuclear_gene
         
        hide Interactions & Pathways
        hide Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interacts with
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Fmrf allele
        Gene
        References
        FmrfScer\UAS.cMa
        wit
        (Marques et al., 2003)
        hide External Data
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - Interaction data, including yeast 2-hybrid and genetic interactions
        •
        hide Orthologs
        Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs
        Curated drosophilid orthologs
         
         
        Linkouts
        InParanoid orthologs - Eukaryotic orthologs
        •
        hide Functional Complementation between Species
        hide Inter-Species Misexpression Data
        Produces phenotype in
        Produces NO phenotype in
        hide Stocks & Reagents
        hide Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 2 )
        VDRC
        v37965
        w1118; P{GD5276}v37965
        Bloomington
        13717
        y1 w67c23; P{SUPor-P}FmrfKG01300
        hide Genomic Clones ( 2 )
        hide cDNA Clones ( 4 )
        Please Note
        This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
        cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        hide RNAi & Array Information
        Affy Oligo
        Linkouts
        DRSC - RNAi screening (Harvard): high-throughput cell culture data and design
        •
        GenomeRNAi - RNAi phenotypes (Heidelberg): high-throughput cell culture data
        •
        hide Antibody Information
        hide Other Information
        hide Discoverer
        hide Etymology
        hide Identification
        hide Position Effect Variegation Data
        hide Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database identity of
        Source for database merge of
        Additional comments
        hide Comments About Role
        The Fmrf peptides may play a number of functional roles, perhaps affecting both physiological and developmental phenomena.
        (Schneider et al., 1993)
        hide Comments About Molecular Function
        Fmrf encodes multiple copies of related neuropeptides within a single precursor protein.
        (Schneider and Taghert, 1988)
        The cellular expression of the DPKQDFMRFamide product of Fmrf suggests the Fmrf product may undergo differential processing.
        (Nichols et al., 1995)
        The cellular expression of the SDNFMRFamide product of Fmrf suggests the Fmrf product may undergo differential processing.
        (Nichols et al., 1995)
        hide Other Comments
        Isolated from a genomic library using an Aplysia cDNA encoding most of the FMRFamide coding region as a probe.
        (Schneider and Taghert, 1988)
        hide External Crossreferences & Linkouts
        Sequence Crossreferences
        RefSeq (Transcripts)
        •
        RefSeq (Proteins)
        •
        DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank
        •
        UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
        •
        Other Crossreferences
        InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites
        •
        FMRFamide-related peptide (IPR002544)
        Protein of unknown function GLTT (IPR008165)
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - Interaction data, including yeast 2-hybrid and genetic interactions
        •
        DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs
        •
        DRSC - RNAi screening (Harvard): high-throughput cell culture data and design
        •
        FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
        •
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        •
        FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans
        •
        GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies
        •
        GenomeRNAi - RNAi phenotypes (Heidelberg): high-throughput cell culture data
        •
        InParanoid orthologs - Eukaryotic orthologs
        •
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        •
        PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways
        •
        hide Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 35 )
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        CG2346
         
        dFMRF
        (Renn et al., 1999)
        dFmrfa
        (Keshishian and Kim, 2004)
        dFMRFa
        (Taghert et al., 2000, Benveniste and Taghert, 1999, Benveniste et al., 1998)
        dFMRFa-1
        (Johnson et al., 2003)
        DPKQDFMRF-amide
        (Johnson et al., 2003)
        DPKQDFMRFamide
        (Nichols, 1992)
        Drm-FMRF-1
        (Mertens et al., 2002)
        Drm-FMRF-2
        (Mertens et al., 2002)
        Drm-FMRF-3
        (Mertens et al., 2002)
        Drm-FMRF-4
        (Mertens et al., 2002)
        Drm-FMRF-5
        (Mertens et al., 2002)
        Drm-FMRFa1
        (Baggerman et al., 2002)
        Drm-FMRFa2
        (Baggerman et al., 2002)
        Drm-FMRFa3
        (Baggerman et al., 2002)
        Drm-FMRFa4
        (Baggerman et al., 2002)
        FMRF
        (Hewes et al., 2003, Prokop, 1999)
        fmrf
        (McVean and Vieira, 1999, Melcher and Pankratz, 2005)
        Fmrf
        (Kadener et al., 2006, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
        FMRFa
        (Hippenmeyer et al., 2004, Marques et al., 2003, Allan et al., 2003, Allan et al., 2003, Allan et al., 2001, vanden Broeck, 2001, Vogler and Urban, 2006, Karlsson et al., 2007, Nilsson et al., 2007, Yapici et al., 2008, Ulvklo et al., 2008)
        Name Synonym
        amino acid amidated neuropeptide
        (Nambu, 1993.12.1)
        dFMRFamide
        (Hewes and Taghert, 2001, Hewes et al., 1998)
        Drm-FMRFamide-1
        (Meeusen et al., 2002)
        Drm-FMRFamide-2
        (Meeusen et al., 2002)
        Drm-FMRFamide-3
        (Meeusen et al., 2002)
        Drm-FMRFamide-4
        (Meeusen et al., 2002)
        Drm-FMRFamide-5
        (Meeusen et al., 2002)
        FMRFamide
        (de Velasco and Hartenstein, 2005, Kalinovsky and Scheiffele, 2004, Egerod et al., 2003, Feng et al., 2003, Cazzamali and Grimmelikhuijzen, 2002, Veenstra, 2000, Worden, 1998, McCormick et al., 1999, Nichols et al., 1999, O'Brien and Taghert, 1998, Benveniste and Taghert, 1997, Yoon and Stay, 1995, Paisley et al., 1996, Silber and Taghert, 1995, Schneider and Taghert, 1991, O'Brien et al., 1993, Schneider et al., 1993, O'Brien et al., 1991, Schneider et al., 1991, Buchner, 1991, O'Brien et al., 1991, Lundquist and Nassel, 1990, de Loof and Schoofs, 1990, Johnson et al., 2004, Rosenkilde et al., 2003, Schneider and Taghert, 1990, Schneider and Taghert, 1988, Nambu et al., 1988, Vogler and Urban, 2006, Baumgardt et al., 2007, Baumgardt et al., 2007, Kim et al., 2006, Jones, 2007, Yapici et al., 2008, Ulvklo et al., 2008)
        FMRF-amide
        (Truman, 1990, Baggerman et al., 2002, Ewer, 2006)
        FMRF amide homologue precursor
        (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
        FMRFamide prohormone
        (Chin, 1994.11.22, Chin, 1991.1.15)
        FMRFamide-related
         
        FRMFamide
        (Cenci et al., 1998)
        SDNFMRFamide
        (Nichols, 1992)
        TPAEDFMRFamide
        (Nichols, 1992)
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
          hide References ( 108 )
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          hide Recent research papers ( 5 )
          Yapici et al., 2008, Nature 451(7174): 33--37
          A receptor that mediates the post-mating switch in Drosophila reproductive behaviour. [FBrf0202765]
          Baumgardt et al., 2007, PLoS Biol. 5(2):
          Specification of neuronal identities by feedforward combinatorial coding. [FBrf0195184]
          Brown et al., 2006, Development 133(2): 275--285
          Use of time-lapse imaging and dominant negative receptors to dissect the steroid receptor control of neuronal remodeling in Drosophila. [FBrf0190279]