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Gene Dmel\CecA2

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\CecA2	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Cecropin A2	Annotation symbol	CG1367
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0000277
Created / Updated	2005-09-09/2005-09-09
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	99E2-99E2	Sequence location	3R:26,037,878..26,038,291 [+]
Map ( GBrowse )	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Cecropin A2 is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol CecA2 (CG1367, FBgn0000277). It has the cytological map location 99E2. Its sequence location is 3R:26037878..26038291. Its molecular function is unknown. It is involved in the biological processes: defense response to bacterium; defense response to fungus; defense response to Gram-negative bacterium; defense response to Gram-positive bacterium; antibacterial humoral response. One allele is reported. No phenotypic data is available. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide.
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	Cec: Cecropin Three structural genes for three very similar cecropin proteins (cecropin A1, A2, and B), bacteriacidal proteins that are induced in adults in response to bacterial infection. All three cecropin genes are coordinately induced by injection of bacteria, although the B gene is expressed at a much lower level. Levels appreciable within one hour, peak at 6 hours and have generally returned to base line by 24 hours. Cecropins also induced by ingested bacteria.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 99E2-99E2   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}ncd05884 and P{lacW}l(3)s2500s2500
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Molecular Map Data
Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology) References Gene Order (overall orientation not stated) References Overall orientation not stated: CecA1+ Cec-Ψ1+ CecA2+ Cec2+ CecB- (Date, 1998.1.27, Date, 1998.1.27, Date, 1998.1.27, Date, 1998.1.27, Date, 1998.1.27, Date, 1998.1.27) Overall orientation not stated: CecA1+ Cec-Ψ1+ CecA2+ Cec2+ (Date, 1998.1.27) Overall orientation not stated: Anp+ CecA1+ Cec-Ψ1+ CecA2+ Cec2+ CecB- (Ramos-Onsins, 1998.3.9)
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\CecA2 for information on other features
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) CecA2-RA FBtr0085614  NM_079850   356   63
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	0.4 (northern blot) (Kylsten et al., 1990)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kD) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein CecA2-PA   FBpp0084978   6.8   63   10.84     NP_524589   AAF57026
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kD)	63 (kD) (Kylsten et al., 1990)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts	PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways • FBgn0000277
Crossreferences
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AB010791 BAA28721   AB010792 BAA28725   AB010793 BAA28728   AB010794 BAA28732   AB010795 BAA28734   AB010796 BAA28738   AB010797 BAA28742   AE003773 AAF57026   AF018976 AAB82473   AF018977 AAB82474   AF018978 AAB82475   AF018979 AAB82476   AF018980 AAB82477   AF018981 AAB82478   AF018982 AAB82479   AF018983 AAB82480   AF018984 AAB82481   BT032790   BT032796   CO154445   CO154746   CO155427   CO155641   CO155755   CO156586   CO335319   CO335997   CO336103   CO336149   CO336476   CO336871   CO336995   CO337366   CO337378   CO337929   CO338778   EC261320   EC261764   EC262292   EC262822   EC263226   EC264195   EC264241   EC265131   EC265965   EC266565   EC266593   EC266605   EC266993   EC267420   EC267597   EC267913   EC267972   X16972 CAA34844   Y16852 CAA76427   Y16853 CAA76433   Y16854 CAA76439   Y16855 CAA76445   Y16856 CAA76451   Y16857 CAA76457   Y16858 CAA76463   Y16859 CAA76469   Y16861 CAA76479
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P14954
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Maps to
Does NOT map to
Identified with
Mapped Features & Mutations
Please see GBrowse or insertion reports for information on insertions of transgenic constructs and features not listed here Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts	DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs • 11363
Crossreferences
Expression Data
FlyBase-Curated Data
Transcript and Protein data	Please see the FlyBase Gene Expression Report for details of gene expression from the literature.
Summary of Transcript Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference  pupal stage   (Samakovlis et al., 1990)  adult stage  adult fat body (Samakovlis et al., 1990)  larval stage  embryonic/larval hemocyte (Samakovlis et al., 1990)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Summary of Polypeptide Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000277 GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000277
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Phenotype manifest in Allele
Classical Alleles ( 0 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of CecA2 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 1 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of CecA2 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion CecA2GD3966 in vitro construct | RNAi in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 2 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Useful deficiency	Df(3R)R113
Useful duplication	Dp(3;3)508
Disrupted in	Df(3R)R113 (Clark and Wang, 1997)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD3966} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data
Related Comments
	Please look at the allele reports for the complete phenotype data CecA2 and CecC show a moderate transcriptional response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and bacterial flagellin in Schneider cells, but no response in Kc cells. (Samakovlis et al., 1992) Genes encoding antibacterial peptides are regulated in a manner distinct from that of Drs, encoding the antifungal peptide. The Cecropins require the spz-cact regulatory cassette for expression at the adult stage. (Lemaitre et al., 1996) Transcription is not strongly induced by hymenopteran parasitoids. (Nicolas et al., 1996)
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 5 )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
antibacterial humoral response inferred from expression pattern AND inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Kylsten et al., 1990) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.4.1)
defense response to Gram-negative bacterium inferred from direct assay (Samakovlis et al., 1990) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.4.1)
defense response to Gram-positive bacterium inferred from direct assay (Samakovlis et al., 1990) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.4.1)
defense response to bacterium non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20)
defense response to fungus non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	protein_coding_gene   nuclear_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions CecA2 allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - Interaction data, including yeast 2-hybrid and genetic interactions • 68453
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dmau\CecA2   Dpse\CecIII   Dvir\Cec1   Dvir\Cec2A   Dvir\Cec2B   Dvir\Cec3   Dyak\CecA2 (Date, 1998.1.27)
Linkouts
Functional Complementation between Species
Inter-Species Misexpression Data
Produces phenotype in
Produces NO phenotype in
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 2 )
VDRC	v9715 w1118; P{GD3966}v9715 v9714 w1118; P{GD3966}v9714/CyO
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR05L15
cDNA Clones ( 19 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones	IP21250 IP21350
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones	EN17601 EN14357 EN14413 EN11837 EN11624 EN06457 EN04138 EN13410 EN11936 EN06029 EN04721 EN13626 EN10017 EN08343 EN15615 EN06664 EN12617
RNAi & Array Information
Affy Oligo
Linkouts	DRSC - RNAi screening (Harvard): high-throughput cell culture data and design • FBgn0000277 GenomeRNAi - RNAi phenotypes (Heidelberg): high-throughput cell culture data • FBgn0000277
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Position Effect Variegation Data
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: CecA2 CG1367 (Ye, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Comments About Role
	The Cec gene region contains three genes: CecA1, CecA2 and CecB. Cecropins are antibacterial peptides: transcripts appear within one hour after bacteria has been injected in to the haemocoel. (Kylsten et al., 1990)
Comments About Molecular Function
	One of four structural genes for four very similar cecropin proteins (cecropin A1, A2, B and C), bacteriocidal proteins that are induced in adults in response to bacterial infection. All cecropin genes are coordinately induced by injection of bacteria, although the B gene is expressed at a much lower level. Cecropins also induced by ingested bacteria. (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) Identified as a gene with significant level of mRNA cycling as assessed by expression analysis using high density oligonucleotide arrays with probe generated from adult heads harvested over six time points over the course of a day. Shows alteration in expression in a Clk mutant background. (McDonald and Rosbash, 2001)
Other Comments
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079850 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524589 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF57026.1 AB010791 BAA28721 AB010792 BAA28725 AB010793 BAA28728 AB010794 BAA28732 AB010795 BAA28734 AB010796 BAA28738 AB010797 BAA28742 AE003773 AAF57026 AF018976 AAB82473 AF018977 AAB82474 AF018978 AAB82475 AF018979 AAB82476 AF018980 AAB82477 AF018981 AAB82478 AF018982 AAB82479 AF018983 AAB82480 AF018984 AAB82481 X16972 CAA34844 Y16852 CAA76427 Y16853 CAA76433 Y16854 CAA76439 Y16855 CAA76445 Y16856 CAA76451 Y16857 CAA76457 Y16858 CAA76463 Y16859 CAA76469 Y16861 CAA76479 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P14954
Other Crossreferences
Linkouts
	BioGRID - Interaction data, including yeast 2-hybrid and genetic interactions • 68453 DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs • 11363 DRSC - RNAi screening (Harvard): high-throughput cell culture data and design • FBgn0000277 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000277 FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0000277 GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000277 GenomeRNAi - RNAi phenotypes (Heidelberg): high-throughput cell culture data • FBgn0000277 PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways • FBgn0000277
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 14 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	Cec (Gottar et al., 2002, Engstrom et al., 2001, Ryu et al., 2004) cec (Comeron and Kreitman, 2000) CecA (Hedengren-Olcott et al., 2004, Rabel et al., 2004, Werner et al., 2003, Ekengren and Hultmark, 2001, Lu et al., 2001, Dushay et al., 2000, Lemaitre et al., 1996) cecA (Leulier et al., 2000) CecA2 (Waterhouse et al., 2007, Shin, 2005) cecA2 (McDonald and Rosbash, 2001, Lemaitre, 2000.12.20, ) CG1367 (Irving et al., 2001, De Gregorio et al., 2001, Pal et al., 2007) unnamed (Kylsten, 1990.11.20)
Name Synonym	Cecropin (Steiner, 2004, Brennan and Anderson, 2004, Kurz and Ewbank, 2003, Pletcher et al., 2002, Wiklund et al., 2002, Kimbrell and Beutler, 2001, Rutschmann et al., 2000, Barillas-Mury et al., 2000, Martin-Blanco, 2000, Govind, 1999, Han et al., 1998, Mathey-Prevot and Perrimon, 1998, Roos et al., 1997) cecropin (Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004, Delaney and Anderson, 2002, Delaney and Anderson, 2001, Ando et al., 1999, Hoffmann et al., 1999, Meng et al., 1999, Hoffmann, 1997, Martin-Blanco, 1997, Zelinger and Heifetz, 2006, Ryu et al., 2004) cecropin A (Boulanger et al., 2002, Lowenberger et al., 1999, Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998) Cecropin A (Hedengren-Olcott et al., 2002, Shin, 2005) cecropin A2 (Date, 1998.1.27, Date, 1998.1.27, Date, 1998.1.27, Date, 1998.1.27, Date, 1998.1.27, Date, 1998.1.27, Date, 1998.1.27) Cecropin A2 (Pal et al., 2007)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 100 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 100 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 48 ) Supplementary material  ( 1 ) Review  ( 21 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 3 ) Abstract  ( 11 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 10 ) Book  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 2 )
	Pal et al., 2007, J. Biol. Chem. 282(12): 8969--8977 Fungal peptide destruxin a plays a specific role in suppressing the innate immune response in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0200357] Waterhouse et al., 2007, Science 316(5832): 1738--1743 Evol