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Gene Dmel\c(3)G

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\c(3)G	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	crossover suppressor on 3 of Gowen	Annotation symbol	CG17604
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0000246
Created / Updated	2003-12-01/2003-12-01
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map	3-57.4
Cytogenetic map	89A5-89A5	Sequence location	3R:11,615,199..11,618,294 [-]
Map ( GBrowse )	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene crossover suppressor on 3 of Gowen is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol c(3)G (CG17604, FBgn0000246). It has the cytological map location 89A5. Its sequence location is 3R:11615199..11618294. Its molecular function is unknown. It is involved in the biological process meiotic recombination. 8 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: synaptonemal complex; polytene chromosome chromocenter; meiotic cell cycle; meiotic metaphase I; meiotic anaphase I. It has 3 annotated transcripts and 3 annotated polypeptides.
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	c(3)G: crossover suppressor in chromosome 3 of Gowen Eliminates meiotic crossing over in homozygous females. First-division nondisjunction and chromosome loss frequent (30% for X, 2, and 3; 20% for 4); second division normal; exceptions more frequent at 25 than at 19. Production of triploids and intersexes 300-500 times normal. Egg hatch very low. Synaptonemal complexes absent from oocytes (Meyer), and both duration of meiotic prophase and number of 16-cell cysts per germarium reduced in c(3)G/c(3)G females (Smith and King, 1969, Genetics 60: 335-51). Meiotic loss of ring chromosomes increased in c(3)G females (Sandler, 1961, Nat. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 18: 243-73). No meiotic effects in homozygous males. In c(3)G/+ females, both intergenic recombination (Hinton, 1966, Genetics 53: 157-64) and the subset of intragenic recombination accompanied by recombination of flanking markers (Carlson, 1972, Genet. Res. 19: 129-32) increased. Somatic pairing (Semjenov, 1979, Tsitologiya 21: 1353-55) and somatic crossing over (Le Clerc, 1946, Science 103: 553-54) normal in c(3)G homozygotes; however, reported to be deficient for one of two X-ray-induced reactions leading to mitotic exchange (Handle, 1974, Molec. Gen. Genet. 128: 233-39). Heterochromatic interchanges inducible in oocytes of homozygous females by X irradiation (Roberts, 1969, Genetics 47: 387-408; Wurgler, Graf, Ruch, Beck, and Steiner, 1978, Arch. Genet. 51: 217-42). Oocytes of homozygous females show increased sensitivity to X irradiation and lack the normally observed fractionation effect (Watson, 1969, Mutat. Res. 8: 91-100; 1972, Mutat. Res. 14: 299-307); Watson (1972) also reports increased sensitivity of c(3)G-bearing sperm from c(3)G/+ males to translocation induction. RK3. c(3)G68 Effects slightly more severe than in c(3)G. Meiotic recombination absent; first-division nondisjunction and loss high (40% for X, 2, and 3; 30% for 4). Low level of nondisjunction in second meiotic division. Oocytes of homozygous females lack synaptonemal complex (Carpenter). c(3)GOR28 Hypomorphic allele. Homozygous females show polarized reduction of recombination to 4.3% between y and f with greatest reduction distally. X-chromosome nondisjunction temperature sensitive; 16.7% at 25; reduced to 10.2% in oocytes exposed to 17 during metaphase I and anaphase I; no X-chromosome loss at either temperature. Synaptonemal complex reduced in quantity and abnormal in structure. c(3)GOR28/Df(3R)sbd105 females exhibit no recombination and 32% X-chromosome nondisjunction.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 89A5-89A5   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}MRG15j6A3 and P{PZ}l(3)0653606536
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 89A2-89A2   (Szauter, 1998)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-57.4
Left of (cM)	Sb
Right of (cM)	cv-c
Notes	P{wB}1-1 maps 0.15cM to the right of c(3)G. (Szauter, 1998)
Molecular Map Data
Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology) References Gene Order (overall orientation not stated) References Overall orientation not stated: c(3)G? rec? fs(3)160? fs(3)167? (Matsubayashi and Oguma, 1994)
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\c(3)G for information on other features
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) c(3)G-RA FBtr0083194  NM_142233   2676   744 c(3)G-RB FBtr0083195  NM_169670   2583   744 c(3)G-RC FBtr0083196  NM_169671   2618   744
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kD) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein c(3)G-PA   FBpp0082648   85.8   744   6.12     NP_650490   AAF55223 c(3)G-PB   FBpp0082649   85.8   744   6.12     NP_732065   AAN13675 c(3)G-PC   FBpp0082650   85.8   744   6.12     NP_732066   AAN13676
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kD)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts	PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways • FBgn0000246
Crossreferences
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA246740   AA263891   AA264552   AA265010   AA390885   AA392239   AA392542   AA441261   AA538788   AA540184   AA695727   AA816415   AA816783   AA979021   AE003710 AAF55223   AE003710 AAN13675   AE003710 AAN13676   AI515957   AW941216   AY089639 AAL90377   AY129432 AAM76174   BG637835   BG638701   BI163442   BI172384   BI214661   BI214696   BI370113   BI372358   BI373588   BI376147   BI482830   BI485517   BP540793   CO274129   CO317782   EC060570   EC089585   EC256205   LD33261
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q8MQK7 Q8SXH0 Q9VF37
Maps to
Does NOT map to
Identified with	GM04379 RE56519 (BDGP Project Members, 2000-) LD07655 (Page and Hawley, 2001)
Mapped Features & Mutations
Please see GBrowse or insertion reports for information on insertions of transgenic constructs and features not listed here Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References point mutation c(3)G[68] 3R:11,617,933..11,617,933 comment=Site of nucleotide substitution in mutant inferred by FlyBase based on reported amino acid change. evidence=experimental na_change=C11617933T pr_change=Q78|c(3)G-PB,Q78|c(3)G-PC,Q78@|c(3)G-PA reported_na_change=C?T reported_pr_change=Q78@ (Page and Hawley, 2001) rescue fragment c(3)G[+tX203] 3R:11,613,646..11,621,614 evidence=experimental linked_to=XbaI-XhoI_rfrag
External Data
Linkouts	DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs • 9598
Crossreferences
Expression Data
FlyBase-Curated Data
Transcript and Protein data	Please see the FlyBase Gene Expression Report for details of gene expression from the literature.
Summary of Transcript Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Summary of Polypeptide Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference  adult stage  presumptive oocyte - stage S7 oocyte (Manheim and McKim, 2003)
Marker for
	synaptonemal complex
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Microarray Data
	Developmental timecourse, Costello et al., 2008 (Original data from Arbeitman et al., 2002) AA979021
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000246 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • FBgn0000246 GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000246
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Other Phenotypes Allele wild-type c(3)G+tX203 meiotic cell cycle defective c(3)Gunspecified meiotic cell cycle defective | recessive c(3)G68 meiotic cell cycle defective | female c(3)G1 c(3)G68 c(3)GOR28 Phenotype manifest in Allele synaptonemal complex c(3)G1 c(3)G68 c(3)GOR28 oocyte & meiosis & nuclear chromosome c(3)G68 nurse cell & nuclear chromosome c(3)G68 germarium & nuclear chromosome c(3)G68 polytene chromosome chromocenter c(3)Gunspecified meiotic cell cycle c(3)Gunspecified meiotic metaphase I c(3)Gunspecified meiotic anaphase I c(3)Gunspecified
Classical Alleles ( 4 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of c(3)G Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion c(3)G1 spontaneous 2 Yes c(3)G68 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- c(3)GOR28 hypomorph ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- c(3)Gunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of c(3)G Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion c(3)G+tX203 in vitro construct | genomic fragment 0 Yes c(3)GGD9424 in vitro construct | RNAi in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 1 Yes c(3)GT:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct | coding region fusion 0 Yes c(3)GtX204 in vitro construct | deletion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Useful deficiency	Df(3R)sbd105
Useful duplication	Dp(3;3)C123.3
Disrupted in	Df(3R)Exel6175 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(3R)Exel7326 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(3R)Po2 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998, Nelson and Szauter, 1992) Df(3R)Po3 (Nelson and Szauter, 1992) Df(3R)Po4 (Nelson and Szauter, 1992) Df(3R)R24 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998) Df(3R)R44 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998) Df(3R)c(3)G-2 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998, Nelson and Szauter, 1992, Thatcher and Szauter, 1995, Szauter, 1997) Df(3R)sbd105 (Nelson and Szauter, 1992)
Not disrupted in	Df(3R)160R104 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998) Df(3R)160R32 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998) Df(3R)160R34 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998) Df(3R)160R5 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998) Df(3R)160R8 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998) Df(3R)167R11 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998) Df(3R)167R17 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998) Df(3R)167R37 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998) Df(3R)sbd26 (Nelson and Szauter, 1992) Df(3R)sbd45 (Nelson and Szauter, 1992)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD9424} NA characterization construct P{X203} NA P{X204} NA P{c(3)G-eGFP} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions 412{}c(3)G1 NA
Related Comments
	Please look at the allele reports for the complete phenotype data
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 2 )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
meiotic recombination traceable author statement (McKim et al., 2000)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
synaptonemal complex inferred from direct assay (Page and Hawley, 2001) inferred from direct assay (Manheim and McKim, 2002)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	protein_coding_gene   nuclear_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions c(3)G allele Gene References c(3)G68 c(2)M (Manheim and McKim, 2003) c(3)Gunspecified okr (Ghabrial and Schupbach, 1999)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - Interaction data, including yeast 2-hybrid and genetic interactions • 70923
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dgri\GH12738 Dmoj\GI14995 Dper\GL23692 Dpse\GA26705 Dsec\GM25754 Dsim\GD20329 Dvir\GJ15351 Dwil\GK10347 Dyak\GE26360
Curated drosophilid orthologs
Linkouts
Functional Complementation between Species
Inter-Species Misexpression Data
Produces phenotype in
Produces NO phenotype in
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 3 )
VDRC	v32962 w1118; P{GD9424}v32962
Kyoto	106004 sp2; st1 c(3)G1 ca1/TM1
Bloomington	606 sp2; st1 c(3)G1 ca1/TM1
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR06B08 BACR48G17
cDNA Clones ( 27 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GM04379 RE56519
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	RE60918 LD16134 LD09090 LD19582 RE20696 LD41674 RE68863 LD05672 RE59305 LD08634 RE02837 LD18391 LD07177 LD07655 LD10345 LD11019 RE20645 RE64080 LD11442 LD01469 RE65596 RE14849
Other clones	EK113256 EK269054 LD33261
RNAi & Array Information
Affy Oligo
Linkouts	DRSC - RNAi screening (Harvard): high-throughput cell culture data and design • FBgn0000246 GenomeRNAi - RNAi phenotypes (Heidelberg): high-throughput cell culture data • FBgn0000246
Antibody Information
	polyclonal antibody (Iida and Lilly, 2004)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Position Effect Variegation Data
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: c(3)G CG17604 (Page and Hawley, 2001)
Additional comments	"CG17604" may correspond to c(3)G, based on sequence of "CG17604" and mutant phenotype of c(3)G. (Grishaeva et al., 2001.11.5)
Comments About Role
	c(3)G is required for recombination and synaptonemal complex assembly. (Thatcher and Szauter, 1995)
Comments About Molecular Function
	c(3)G protein is present in a thread-like pattern along the lengths of chromosomes in meiotic prophase in females, consistent with a role as a synaptonemal complex protein present on meiotic bivalents. (Page and Hawley, 2001)
Other Comments
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_142233 NM_169670 NM_169671 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_650490 NP_732065 NP_732066 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA264552 AA695727 AE003710 AAF55223 AAN13675 AAN13676 AW941216 AY089639 AAL90377 AY129432 AAM76174 BI370113 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q8MQK7 Q8SXH0 Q9VF37
Other Crossreferences
Linkouts
	BioGRID - Interaction data, including yeast 2-hybrid and genetic interactions • 70923 DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs • 9598 DRSC - RNAi screening (Harvard): high-throughput cell culture data and design • FBgn0000246 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000246 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • FBgn0000246 FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0000246 GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0000246 GenomeRNAi - RNAi phenotypes (Heidelberg): high-throughput cell culture data • FBgn0000246 PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways • FBgn0000246
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 9 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	c3G (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998, Matsubayashi and Oguma, 1994, Miyamoto, 1992) C(3)G (Roper and Brown, 2004, Mehrotra et al., 2004, Staeva-Vieira et al., 2003, Manheim and McKim, 2003, Findley et al., 2003, Page et al., 2002, Manheim and McKim, 2002, Huynh and St. Johnston, 2000, Santos, 1999, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna, Jeffress et al., 2006, Page and Hawley, 2006, McCaffrey et al., 2006, Thomas et al., 2005, Mirouse et al., 2006, Lim and Kai, 2007, Zhou and Bickel, 2008, Mukai et al., 2007, Sugimura and Lilly, 2006) c(3)g (Manheim and McKim, 2002)