Gene Dmel\Brd

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General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Brd

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Bearded

Annotation symbol

CG3096

Feature type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0000216

Created / Updated

2003-12-01/2003-12-01

Genomic Location

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-42

Cytogenetic map

71A4-71A4

Sequence location

3L:14,965,769..14,966,301 [+]

Map ( GBrowse )

Summary Information

Automatically generated summary

See sections below for more information

The gene Bearded is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Brd (CG3096, FBgn0000216). It has the cytological map location 71A4. Its sequence location is 3L:14965769..14966301. Its molecular function is described as calmodulin inhibitor activity. It is involved in the biological processes: Notch signaling pathway; cell fate specification; sensory organ development; sensory organ precursor cell fate determination. 35 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with 16 unique terms, many of which group under: peripheral nervous system; nervous system; adult segment; organ system; adult mesothoracic segment; sensillum trichodeum; sensillum basiconicum; sensillum campaniformium; mesothoracic preepisternum; adult; wing margin bristle. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide.

External Summaries

Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)

Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage

Brd: Bearded (M. Leviten)

Causes production of supernumerary chaetae and sensilla at or near normal positions. Brd1 homozygotes survive and exhibit more severe phenotypes than heterozygotes. Brd1/+ = Brd1/Df(3L)Brd. Brd alleles affect all classes of adult sensory organs. Brd1 strongly affects macrochaetae and other imaginal-disc sensilla (i.e., trichoid, campaniform, basiconic), but only mildly increases microchaete density. Brd3 and other alleles produce more severe microchaete phenotypes, in both disc and histoblast derived tissues, as well as exhibiting the Brd1 phenotypes. In addition to sensillum multiplication, Brd1 homozygotes also exhibit bristle loss, with anterior orbitals absent (>90%) and a less frequent loss of ocellar macrochaetae (<5%). This bristle loss occurs in other Brd genotypes and is most severe for Brd3 homozygotes. The combination of sensilla multiplication and loss phenotypes is made more severe by loss-of-function mutations at Notch and neuralized, and are decreased in the presence of three wild type copies of these genes. The ethyl-methanesulfonate-induced point revertants of Brd1 tested (Brdrv1-4) are homozygous viable, viable in trans to Brd deficiencies, and display no mutant phenotypes in either situation.

Detailed Mapping Data

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

71A4-71A4

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Mpcp⁰⁰⁵⁶⁴ and P{PZ}l(3)rO220^rO220

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-42

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Molecular Map Data

Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology)

References

In direction of increasing cytology: BobC- BobB- BobA- Tom+ Brd+ Ocho?

(Lai et al., 2000)

Gene Order (overall orientation not stated)

References

Overall orientation not stated: Brd? Tom?

(Zaffran, 1999.3.3)

Overall orientation not stated: Tom+ Brd+

(Bodner, 1994.8.5, Zaffran and Frasch, 2000)

Overall orientation not stated: BobC- BobB- BobA- Tom+ Brd+ Ocho+

(Lai et al., 2000)

Gene Model & Products

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Brd for information on other features

Comments on Gene Model

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Associated CDS (aa)

Brd-RA

FBtr0075621

NM_057541

533

Additional Transcript Data & Comments

Reported size (kB)

0.6 (northern blot)

(Leviten et al., 1997)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kD)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank protein

Brd-PA

FBpp0075374

9.2

8.72

NP_476889

AAF49693

Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments

Reported size (kD)

81 (aa); 9 (kD)

(Leviten et al., 1997)

Comments

External Data

Linkouts

Crossreferences

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

DDBJ /
EMBL /
GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

Name

Maps to

DS05763

(Lai et al., 2000)

Does NOT map to

Identified with

Mapped Features & Mutations

Please see GBrowse or insertion reports for information on insertions of transgenic constructs and features not listed here

Type

Symbol & Location

Additional Notes

References

point mutation

Brd[rv3]-1
3L:14,965,870..14,965,870

comment=Mutation induced on Brd[1] chromosome; one of three base pair changes in mutan, two of which occur in the same codon.
evidence=experimental
na_change=T14965870C
pr_change=I11T|Brd-PA
reported_na_change=T?C
reported_pr_change=I11T

(Leviten et al., 1997)

point mutation

Brd[rv3]-2
3L:14,965,893..14,965,893

comment=Mutation induced on Brd[1] chromosome; one of three base pair changes in mutant, two of which occur in the same codon.
evidence=experimental
na_change=C14965893G
pr_change=Q19E|Brd-PA
reported_na_change=C?G
reported_pr_change=Q19E

(Leviten et al., 1997)

point mutation

Brd[rv3]-3
3L:14,965,895..14,965,895

comment=Mutation induced on Brd[1] chromosome; one of three base pair changes in mutant, two of which occur in the same codon. This one is a silent substitution.
evidence=experimental
na_change=G14965895A
pr_change=Q19Q|Brd-PA
reported_na_change=G?A

(Leviten et al., 1997)

point mutation

Brd[rv1]
3L:14,965,977..14,965,977

comment=Mutation induced on Brd[1] chromosome.
evidence=experimental
na_change=C14965977T
pr_change=Q47@|Brd-PA
reported_na_change=C?T
reported_pr_change=Q47@

(Leviten et al., 1997)

point mutation

Brd[rv2]
3L:14,965,977..14,965,977

comment=Mutation induced on Brd[1] chromosome.
evidence=experimental
na_change=C14965977T
pr_change=Q47@|Brd-PA
reported_na_change=C?T
reported_pr_change=Q47@

(Leviten et al., 1997)

protein binding site

Brd-protein_bind-2
3L:14,965,676..14,965,681

bound_moiety=ac-XP
comment=bound by da/da, da/ac, da/sc proneural protein complexes
comment=Brd_E1_E_box
evidence=experimental

regulatory region

Brd-misc_feature-11
3L:14,966,128..14,966,136

comment=Brd box 1
evidence=predicted

regulatory region

Brd-misc_feature-13
3L:14,966,175..14,966,183

comment=Brd box 2
evidence=predicted

regulatory region

Brd-reg_element-1
3L:14,966,233..14,966,241

comment=Brd box 3
evidence=predicted

regulatory region

Brd-misc_feature-15
3L:14,966,247..14,966,253

comment=GY box
evidence=predicted

External Data

Linkouts

DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs

•

4087

Crossreferences

Expression Data

FlyBase-Curated Data

Transcript and
Protein data

Please see the FlyBase Gene Expression Report for details of gene expression from the literature.

Summary of Transcript Expression

Stage

Tissue/Position

Reference

larval stage | third instar

morphogenetic furrow | vicinity of

(Lai et al., 2000)

larval stage | third instar

proneural cluster

(Leviten et al., 1997)

larval stage | third instar

eye disc

(Lai et al., 2000)

embryonic stage | 4-8hr

(Leviten et al., 1997)

larval stage | third instar

imaginal disc

(Leviten et al., 1997)

pupal stage | 8hr APF

sensillum campaniformium <of> wing

(Lai et al., 2000)

larval stage | third instar

external sensory organ precursor cell

(Leviten et al., 1997)

larval stage | third instar

morphogenetic furrow

(Lai et al., 2000)

larval stage | third instar

proneural cluster <of> imaginal disc

(Leviten et al., 1997)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Summary of Polypeptide Expression

Stage

Tissue/Position

Reference

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

External Data & Images

Linkouts

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

•

FBgn0000216

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

•

FBgn0000216

GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies

•

FBgn0000216

Alleles & Phenotypes

Summary of Allele Phenotypes

Lethality

Allele

viable

lethal | recessive

lethal | pupal stage | recessive

Brd²

Other Phenotypes

Allele

wild-type

visible

visible | recessive

Brd³

visible | dominant

Brd¹

visible | conditional - heat sensitive

Brd^hs.PLa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

Brd^Scer\UAS.cLa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^69B

Brd^Scer\UAS.cLa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Brd^Scer\UAS.cLa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

Brd^Scer\UAS.cLa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PS

Brd^Scer\UAS.cLa

Sterility

Allele

male fertile

Brd¹

female fertile

Brd¹

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

macrochaeta

microchaeta

sensillum trichodeum

Brd¹

sensillum campaniformium

Brd¹

sensillum basiconicum

Brd¹

macrochaeta | ectopic

eye

head bristle, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

Brd^Scer\UAS.cLa

scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

Brd^Scer\UAS.cLa

scutum & microchaeta, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

Brd^Scer\UAS.cLa

microchaeta, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

Brd^Scer\UAS.cLa

eye, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PS

Brd^Scer\UAS.cLa

ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PS

Brd^Scer\UAS.cLa

lens, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PS

Brd^Scer\UAS.cLa

eye, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

Brd^Scer\UAS.cLa

ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

Brd^Scer\UAS.cLa

interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

Brd^Scer\UAS.cLa

eye photoreceptor cell, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

Brd^Scer\UAS.cLa

wing sensillum & wing vein, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Brd^Scer\UAS.cLa

wing margin bristle, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Brd^Scer\UAS.cLa

wing sensillum & wing vein, with Scer\GAL4^69B

Brd^Scer\UAS.cLa

wing margin bristle, with Scer\GAL4^69B

Brd^Scer\UAS.cLa

macrochaeta | conditional - heat sensitive

Brd^hs.PLa

microchaeta | conditional - heat sensitive

Brd^hs.PLa

anterior sternopleural bristle

Brd^mut123+GYmut

anterior dorsocentral bristle

Brd^mut123+GYmut

ocellar bristle

Brd^mut123+GYmut

head bristle

Brd^mut123+GYmut

Classical Alleles ( 26 )

For All Classical Alleles Show

Allele of Brd	Class	Mutagen	Stocks	Known lesion
Brd¹	hypermorph	spontaneous	1	Yes
Brd²		γ ray	0	--
Brd^2rv1		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Brd³	hypermorph	P-element activity γ ray	0	--
Brd^3rv1		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Brd^3rv2		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Brd⁴		γ ray	0	--
Brd⁵		γ ray	0	--
Brd⁶		γ ray	0	--
Brd^CB02665		P-element activity	0	Yes
Brd^F716.1		Δ2-3	0	Yes
Brd^P1		P-element activity	0	Yes
Brd^PI1		Δ2-3	0	--
Brd^PI2		Δ2-3	0	--
Brd^PI3		Δ2-3	0	--
Brd^Prv1		Δ2-3	0	Yes
Brd^Prv2		Δ2-3	0	--
Brd^Prv3		Δ2-3	0	--
Brd^f01143		piggyBac transposase	1	--
Brd^rv1		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	Yes
Brd^rv2		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	Yes
Brd^rv3		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Brd^rv4		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	Yes
Brd^rv5		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Brd^rv6		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Brd^unspecified			0	--

Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Allele of Brd	Class	Mutagen	Known lesion
Brd^{3xBrd+GYmut.arm.T:Avic\GFP-YFP}		in vitro construct \| site directed mutagenesis	Yes
Brd^GD13572		in vitro construct \| RNAi in vitro construct \| regulatory fusion	Yes
Brd^{GYmut.arm.T:Avic\GFP-YFP}		in vitro construct \| site directed mutagenesis	Yes
Brd^Scer\UAS.cLa		in vitro construct \| regulatory fusion	Yes
Brd^{arm.T:Avic\GFP-YFP}		in vitro construct \| regulatory fusion	Yes
Brd^hs.PLa		in vitro construct \| regulatory fusion	Yes
Brd^hs.PLb		in vitro construct \| regulatory fusion	Yes
Brd^mut123+GYmut	gain of function	in vitro construct \| site directed mutagenesis	Yes
Brd^tLa		in vitro construct \| other	Yes

Aneuploid Aberrations

Useful deficiency

Df(3L)Brd12

Useful duplication

Dp(3;3)M71

Disrupted in

Df(3L)Brd12

(Leviten and Posakony, 1996)

Df(3L)Brd15

(Galewsky and Schulz, 1992)

Df(3L)Brd6

(Galewsky and Schulz, 1992)

Df(3L)Exel6125

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(3L)Exel6126

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

In(3)Brd⁴

(Leviten and Posakony, 1996)

In(3)Brd⁵

(Leviten and Posakony, 1996)

In(3)Brd⁶

(Leviten and Posakony, 1996)

In(3L)Brd²

(Leviten and Posakony, 1996)

In(3L)Brd³

(Leviten and Posakony, 1996)

Transgenic Constructs & Insertions

Transgenic Constructs

Type of construct

Name

Expression data

reporter construct

UAS construct

characterization construct

P{Brd^mut123+GYmut}

P{Brd^tLa}

P{arm-YFP.Brd3'UTR.3xBrd+GYmut}

P{arm-YFP.Brd3'UTR.GYmut}

P{arm-YFP.Brd3'UTR}

heat-shock construct

P{hs-Brd.La}

P{hs-Brd.Lb}

Insertions

Type of insertions

Name

Expression data

miscellaneous insertions

insertion of mobile activating element

P{Mae-UAS.6.11}Brd^F716.1

Related Comments

Please look at the allele reports for the complete phenotype data

Causes production of supernumerary chaetae and sensilla at or near normal positions. Brd alleles affect all classes of adult sensory organs. The combination of sensilla multiplication and loss phenotypes is made more severe by loss-of-function mutations at N and neur and are decreased in the presence of three wild-type copies of these genes.

Mutations of Brd cause either sensory organ multiplication or loss. Cell markers reveal that multiplication results from the determination of supernumerary precursor cells and loss from the inappropriate differentiation of all precursor cells as neurons.

(Levitan and Posakony, 1991)

Gain of function Brd mutations cause multiplication of adult sensory organs. Loss of function mutations of H and the AS-C are epistatic to Brd.

(Leviten and Posakony, 1996)

Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 5 )

Molecular Function

CV term

Evidence

References

calmodulin inhibitor activity

inferred from sequence or structural similarity

(FlyBase, 1992-)

Biological Process