Gene Dmel\ash2

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General Information

Symbol

Dmel\ash2

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

absent, small, or homeotic discs 2

Annotation symbol

CG6677

Feature type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0000139

Created / Updated

2003-12-01/2007-10-03

Genomic Location

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-78.6

Cytogenetic map

96A13-96A13

Sequence location

3R:20,475,769..20,479,099 [+]

Map ( GBrowse )

Summary Information

Automatically generated summary

See sections below for more information

The gene absent, small, or homeotic discs 2 is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol ash2 (CG6677, FBgn0000139). It has the cytological map location 96A13. Its sequence location is 3R:20475769..20479099. Its molecular function is described as: protein binding; zinc ion binding. It is involved in the biological processes: chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription; imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis. 27 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with 24 unique terms, many of which group under: adult segment; thoracic segment; adult mesothoracic segment; adult; adult metathoracic segment; nervous system; adult prothoracic segment; organ system; prothoracic segment; tormogen cell; imaginal precursor; mouthpart; peripheral nervous system. It has 3 annotated transcripts and 3 annotated polypeptides.

External Summaries

Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)

Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage

ash2

Most alleles homozygous lethal; stage of lethality variable. Surviving and pharate adults display transformations similar to those indicated for ash1.

mad: many abnormal discs (A. Shearn)

Homozygous lethal; labial and wing discs appear normal; eye-antenna, prothoracic, haltere, leg, and genital discs homeotically transformed. Disc and cell autonomous.

Detailed Mapping Data

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

96A13-96A13

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}crb⁰⁷²⁰⁷&P{PZ}BRWD3⁰⁵⁸⁴² and P{EP}CycB3^EP3127

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

96A17-96A19

(Adamsom, 1996.10.9)

96A11-96A16

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Deak et al., 1997)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-78.6

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Molecular Map Data

Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology)

References

Gene Order (overall orientation not stated)

References

Overall orientation not stated: l(3)96Aa? ash2?

(Adamson and Shearn, 1996)

Gene Model & Products

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\ash2 for information on other features

Comments on Gene Model

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Associated CDS (aa)

ash2-RB

FBtr0084659

NM_170160

1303

350

ash2-RC

FBtr0084660

NM_176558

1987

556

ash2-RD

FBtr0114545

1971

572

Additional Transcript Data & Comments

Reported size (kB)

2.0 (northern blot)

(Adamson and Shearn, 1996)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kD)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank protein

ash2-PB

FBpp0084039

39.7

350

6.76

NP_733024

AAN14010

ash2-PC

FBpp0084040

63.2

556

6.92

NP_788735

AAO41602

ash2-PD

FBpp0113037

64.9

572

7.16

Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments

Reported size (kD)

94 (kD observed)

(Papoulas et al., 1998)

572 (aa); 64.8 (kD predicted)

(Adamson and Shearn, 1996)

Comments

External Data

Linkouts

PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways

•

FBgn0000139

Crossreferences

InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites

•

B302, (SPRY)-like (IPR001870)

Zinc finger, PHD-type (IPR001965)

SPla/RYanodine receptor SPRY (IPR003877)

Zinc finger, FYVE/PHD-type (IPR011011)

Zinc finger, RING/FYVE/PHD-type (IPR013083)

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

DDBJ /
EMBL /
GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

Name

Maps to

Does NOT map to

Identified with

bs20e11

(Oliver, 2001.8.16)

LD31680

(BDGP Project Members, 2000-, Oliver, 2001.8.16, O'Connell et al., 2001)

SD28012

(BDGP Project Members, 2000-)

Mapped Features & Mutations

Please see GBrowse or insertion reports for information on insertions of transgenic constructs and features not listed here

Type

Symbol & Location

Additional Notes

References

External Data

Linkouts

DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs

•

10633

Crossreferences

Expression Data

FlyBase-Curated Data

Transcript and
Protein data

Please see the FlyBase Gene Expression Report for details of gene expression from the literature.

Summary of Transcript Expression

Stage

Tissue/Position

Reference

embryonic stage-adult stage

(Adamson and Shearn, 1996)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Summary of Polypeptide Expression

Stage

Tissue/Position

Reference

larval stage | late

embryonic/larval fat body

(Adamson and Shearn, 1996)

larval stage | third instar

embryonic/larval salivary gland

(Adamson and Shearn, 1996)

larval stage | late

imaginal disc

(Adamson and Shearn, 1996)

larval stage-pupal stage

(Adamson and Shearn, 1996)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

nucleus

(Adamson and Shearn, 1996)

Microarray Data

Developmental timecourse, Costello et al., 2008 (Original data from Arbeitman et al., 2002)

Untitled Document detailed view

AI544034

External Data & Images

Linkouts

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

•

FBgn0000139

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

•

FBgn0000139

GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies

•

FBgn0000139

BDGP expression data

•

Show all BDGP original images, annotations and embryonic microarray data for ash2

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

•

Show all FlyExpress processed images for ash2

Alleles & Phenotypes

Summary of Allele Phenotypes

Lethality

Allele

lethal

ash2^S112411

lethal | recessive

ash2¹

lethal | larval stage | recessive

lethal | prepupal stage | recessive

lethal | pupal stage

ash2^I1

lethal | pupal stage (with ash2¹)

ash2¹⁴

lethal | pupal stage (with ash2¹⁴)

ash2¹

lethal | pupal stage | recessive

lethal | pupal stage | recessive | conditional - heat sensitive

lethal | adult stage | recessive

lethal | adult stage | recessive | conditional - heat sensitive

ash2⁷

semi-lethal

semi-lethal | recessive

ash2^S112411

Other Phenotypes

Allele

visible

ash2⁶

visible (with ash2¹⁴)

ash2¹⁸

visible (with ash2¹⁸)

ash2¹⁴

neuroanatomy defective | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

ash2^EP3472

Sterility

Allele

sterile

ash2^S112411

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

metathoracic leg (with ash2⁹)

ash2¹

proboscis

antenna

prothoracic segment | dorsal

macrochaeta | ectopic (with Df(3R)ash¹⁸)

socket | ectopic (with Df(3R)ash¹⁸)

ash2¹⁴

thorax & macrochaeta (with Df(3R)ash¹⁸)

ash2¹⁴

macrochaeta | ectopic (with ash2¹⁸)

socket | ectopic (with ash2¹⁸)

ash2¹⁴

thorax & macrochaeta (with ash2¹⁸)

ash2¹⁴

macrochaeta | ectopic (with ash2¹⁴)

ash2¹⁸

socket | ectopic (with ash2¹⁴)

ash2¹⁸

thorax & macrochaeta (with ash2¹⁴)

ash2¹⁸

wing & sensillum campaniformium (with ash2⁷)

ash2¹⁸

wing & macrochaeta (with ash2³)

ash2¹⁸

macrochaeta | ectopic (with ash2³)

ash2¹⁸

wing & macrochaeta (with Df(3R)ash¹⁸)

ash2³

wing & macrochaeta (with ash2¹⁸)

ash2³

capitellum & macrochaeta

ash2⁶

macrochaeta | ectopic

ash2⁶

capitellum

ash2⁶

haltere pedicel

ash2⁶

scabellum

ash2⁶

wing & sensillum campaniformium (with Df(3R)ash¹⁸)

ash2⁷

wing & sensillum campaniformium (with ash2¹⁸)

ash2⁷

metathoracic leg (with ash2¹)

ash2⁹

anterior fascicle & synapse, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

ash2^EP3472

anterior fascicle, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

ash2^EP3472

wing | somatic clone

ash2^I1

wing vein L1 | somatic clone

ash2^I1

wing vein L2 | ectopic | somatic clone

ash2^I1

wing vein L3 | ectopic | somatic clone

ash2^I1

wing vein L5 | ectopic | somatic clone

ash2^I1

wing vein L6 | ectopic | somatic clone

ash2^I1

imaginal disc

ash2^I1

adult mesothoracic segment | ectopic

ash2^S112411

adult prothoracic segment | ectopic

ash2^S112411

wing

ash2^S112411

crossvein | ectopic

ash2^S112411

wing margin | posterior

ash2^S112411

wing vein L3

ash2^S112411

wing vein L2

ash2^S112411

wing vein L5

ash2^S112411

wing (with In(3R)Ubx^7LLats^R)

ash2^S112411

crossvein | ectopic (with In(3R)Ubx^7LLats^R)

ash2^S112411

Classical Alleles ( 26 )

For All Classical Alleles Show

Allele of ash2	Class	Mutagen	Stocks	Known lesion
ash2¹⁰		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ash2¹¹		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ash2¹²		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ash2¹³		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ash2¹⁴		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ash2¹⁵		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ash2¹⁶		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ash2¹⁷		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ash2¹⁸		PM hybrid dysgenesis	0	Yes
ash2¹	amorph	N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine	2	Yes
ash2²	amorph, hypomorph	N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine	0	--
ash2³		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ash2⁴		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ash2⁵		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ash2⁶		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ash2⁷		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ash2⁸		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ash2⁹		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ash2^EP3472		P-element activity	1	Yes
ash2^EY03971		P-element activity	1	--
ash2^I1		P-element activity	0	Yes
ash2^I2			0	Yes
ash2^I3			0	Yes
ash2^S112411		Δ2-3	1	--
ash2^d00279		P-element activity	1	--
ash2^f07662		piggyBac transposase	1	--

Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 1 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Allele of ash2	Class	Mutagen	Stocks	Known lesion
ash2^GD1374		in vitro construct \| RNAi in vitro construct \| regulatory fusion	1	Yes

Aneuploid Aberrations

Useful deficiency

Df(3R)crb87-5

Useful duplication

Dp(3;3)M95A⁺13

Disrupted in

Df(3R)BSC492

(Christensen et al., 2008.4.15)

Df(3R)L16

(Gonzalez et al., 1989)

Df(3R)Su9

(Gonzalez et al., 1989)

Df(3R)ash¹⁸

(Adamson and Shearn, 1996)

Df(3R)crb87-5

(Adamson and Shearn, 1996)

Df(3R)tld-γ1

(Adamson and Shearn, 1996)

In(3R)Ubx^7LLats^R

(Gonzalez et al., 1989)

Not disrupted in

In(3R)Ubx^7L

(Gonzalez et al., 1989)

Transgenic Constructs & Insertions

Transgenic Constructs

Type of construct

Name

Expression data

UAS construct

P{GD1374}

Insertions

Type of insertions

Name

Expression data

miscellaneous insertions

PBac{WH}ash2^f07662

insertion of enhancer trap

P{lacW}ash2^S112411

insertion of mobile activating element

P{EPgy2}ash2^EY03971

P{EP}ash2^EP3472

P{Mae-UAS.6.11}B0404^B0404

P{XP}ash2^d00279

Related Comments

Please look at the allele reports for the complete phenotype data

Most alleles homozygous lethal; stage of lethality variable. Surviving and pharate adults display transformations similar to those indicated for ash1. Homozygous lethal; labial and wing discs appear normal; eye-antenna, prothoracic, haltere, leg and genital discs homeotically transformed. Disc and cell autonomous.

Mutations in ash2 give rise to homeotic transformations.

(Gonzalez et al., 1989)

Genetic tests were used to confirm that ash1 and ash2 belong to a functionally related class of genes, mutations in which cause a wide variety of homeotic transformations that are similar to the transformations caused by trx. Double heterozygotes of ash2 alleles and Df(3R)red-P93 show a significant penetrance of homeotic transformations.

(Shearn, 1989)

ash1 and ash2 are trans-regulatory elements of homeotic selector gene regulation. ash2 is required for the functioning of the Ubx ABX/BX enhancer element, regulation involves different cis-regulatory regions that than of ash1.

(LaJeunesse and Shearn, 1995)

Phenotypes of ash2 mutants that survive to the end of metamorphosis reveal that the ash2 gene product does not solely regulate homeotic selector genes. Pattern formation abnormalities are observed on mutant legs and wings. ash2 is a nuclear protein that is present in larval imaginal discs at a low level and at a much higher level in imaginal discs after puparium formation. The size of the ash2 protein changes dramatically at the end of the third larval instar suggesting that the protein has different functions in larvae than in pupae.

(Adamson and Shearn, 1996)

Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 5 )

Molecular Function

CV term

Evidence

References

protein binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001965

(