HomeGene Dmel\arm
| General Information | ||||
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| Symbol | Dmel\arm | Species | D. melanogaster | |
| Name | armadillo | Annotation symbol | CG11579 | |
| Feature type | protein_coding_gene | FlyBase ID | FBgn0000117 | |
| Created / Updated | 2004-01-08/2004-01-08 | |||
| Genomic Location | ||||
| Chromosome (arm) | X | Recombination map | 1-1.2 | |
| Cytogenetic map | 2B14-2B14 | Sequence location | X:1,785,434..1,794,673 [-] | |
| Map ( GBrowse ) | 
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Summary Information
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Automatically generated summary
See sections below for more information | The gene armadillo is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol arm (CG11579, FBgn0000117). It has the cytological map location 2B14. Its sequence location is X:1785434..1794673. Its molecular function is described as: cytoskeletal protein binding; protein binding; alpha-catenin binding. It is involved in the biological processes described with 25 unique terms, many of which group under: anatomical structure development; gamete generation; cell adhesion; sexual reproduction; sensory organ development; regulation of developmental process; Wnt receptor signaling pathway; photoreceptor cell differentiation; ovarian follicle cell development; organelle organization and biogenesis; neuroblast fate commitment; protein localization; cell division; primary metabolic process; positive regulation of MAPKKK cascade. 171 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with 117 unique terms, many of which group under: organ system; adult segment; nervous system; peripheral nervous system; embryonic/larval tracheal system; embryonic nervous system; abdominal ventral denticle belt; adult mesothoracic segment; embryonic neuron; cuticle. It has 5 annotated transcripts and 5 annotated polypeptides. | |||
| External Summaries | ||||
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Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
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| Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage | arm: armadillo
Homozygous lethal; embryonic segmentation defective
by time of germ-band shortening; naked cuticle ordinarily
comprising the posterior two thirds of each segment replaced
by mirror-image duplication of the anteriorly situated denticle belt; strong alleles delete first denticle row in abdominal segments. May have dorsal hole in cuticle. Embryonic CNS
development quasi normal (Patel, Schafer, Goodman, and
Holmgren, 1989, Genes Dev. 3: 890-904). Autonomous at the
level of single cells as shown by denticulate clones of homozygous cells in the naked cuticle of abdominal segments in
arm/+ embryos (Wieschaus and Riggleman, 1987, Cell 49: 177-84). Clones of homozygous female germ cells arrested at stage
10 of oogenesis (Wieschaus and Noell, 1986, Wilhelm Roux's
Arch. Dev. Biol. 195: 63-73). An exception is arm8 for which
progeny from homozygous germ-line clones have been recovered
(Klingsmith et al.). Cell lethal in imaginal discs; although
clones of homozygous cells not observed in adults, their
formation seems to engender mirror-image duplications, which
are not seen in response to homozygosing other cuticular cell
lethals (Wieschaus). Transcript found with minor fluctuations
in amount, in all cell types at all stages in development
(Riggleman, Wieschaus, and Schedl, 1989, Genes Dev. 3: 96-113).
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Detailed Mapping Data
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| FlyBase Computed Cytological Location | ||||
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 2B14-2B14
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1444&P{EP}CG14818EP1190 and P{EP}CG3600EP1232
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| Experimentally Determined Cytological Location | ||||
Cytogenetic map Notes References 2B-2B (determined by in situ hybridisation) 2B7--10 (determined by in situ hybridisation) 2B1--14 (determined by in situ hybridisation) 2B13--18 (determined by in situ hybridisation)
2B15-2B15 2B-2B (determined by in situ hybridisation)
2B7-2B10 (determined by in situ hybridisation)
2B15-2B15 (determined by in situ hybridisation)
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| Experimentally Determined Recombination Data | ||||
| Location | ||||
| Left of (cM) | ||||
| Right of (cM) | ||||
| Notes | ||||
| Molecular Map Data | ||||
Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology)
References Gene Order (overall orientation not stated) References Overall orientation not stated: anon-2Ba? trr? mRpL16+ arm- mRpL16+ arm- anon-2Be+ anon-2Bc? Overall orientation not stated: anon-2Ba? trr- mRpL16+ arm- mRpL16+ arm- anon-2Be+ Overall orientation not stated: trr? mRpL16? arm? | ||||
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Gene Model & Products
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Please see the
GBrowse view of
Dmel\arm
for information on other features
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| Comments on Gene Model | ||||
Multiphase exon postulated: variable use of small exon; supported combination results in frameshift and premature stop in downstream exon. | ||||
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Transcript Data
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| Annotated Transcripts | ||||
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) | ||||
| Additional Transcript Data & Comments | ||||
| Reported size (kB) | ||||
| Comments | ||||
| External Data | ||||
| Crossreferences | ||||
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Polypeptide Data
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| Annotated Polypeptides | ||||
Name FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kD)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank protein
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| Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments | ||||
| Reported size (kD) | 843 (aa); 93 (kD) 721 (aa); 105-115, 82 (kD observed) 91 (kD) | |||
| Comments | arm protein is phosphorylated on both serine or threonine and on tyrosine residues. The level of phosphorylation varies in different tissues and at different times of development. Phosphorylation of arm protein is negatively regulated by wg protein. sgg protein is required for arm protein phosphorylation. The neural form of arm is phosphorylated on tyrosine residues. Only a small fraction of the protein appears to be tyrosine-phosphorylated. The majority of arm protein in vivo is part of a membrane-associated complex containing α-Cat and an unidentified glycoprotein. Antibodies were generated against the carboxy-terminal 43 amino acids. The antibody does not recognize the shorter "neural" form of arm protein. Antibodies raised against arm protein recognize a single protein in canine (MDCK), mouse (3T3), African green monkey (COS-7), and Xenopus (A6) cultured cells. The cross-reacting proteins in A6 and MDCK cells were shown to be β-catenin. | |||
| External Data | ||||
| Linkouts | PANTHER
- Protein classification by function, families, and pathways
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| Crossreferences | InterPro
domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites
• Armadillo (IPR000225)
Armadillo-like helical (IPR011989)
Beta-catenin (IPR013284)
Armadillo-type fold (IPR016024)
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Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
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| DDBJ
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EMBL / GenBank | DNA sequence Protein sequence Name | |||