Allele Dmel\dpp^d6

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\dpp^d6	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0003003
Feature type	allele	Created / Updated	2006-08-22/2006-08-22
Associated gene	Dmel\dpp

Allele class	hypomorph
Mutagen	X ray
Nature of the Allele
Allele class	hypomorph (Goto et al., 1995, Brook and Cohen, 1996)
Mutagen	X ray
Mapped Features and Mutations
Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference Breakpoint allele. (St. Johnston et al., 1990) Inversion breakpoint within the regulatory disk region, effectively deleting some of the regulatory sequences that direct expression in imaginal discs. (Sekelsky et al., 1995) Deletion of control elements. (Brook and Cohen, 1996)
Assay mode
Caused by aberration	In(2L)dpp^d6 (Takatsu et al., 2000, Conley et al., 2000, Segal and Gelbart, 1985, Posakony et al., 1990, Sekelsky et al., 1995)
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	viable \| reduced (with dpp^d12) (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) visible (Staehling-Hampton et al., 1994, Sekelsky et al., 1995, St. Johnston et al., 1990, Maves and Schubiger, 1998) visible (with dpp^d5) (Bangi and Wharton, 2006) visible (with dpp^d12) (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) visible \| recessive (Emerald and Roy, 1998, Khalsa et al., 1998, Yu et al., 2000, Saget et al., 1998)
Phenotype Manifest In
	wing (with dpp^hr4) (George and Terracol, 1997, Crickmore and Mann, 2006) wing vein L2 (with dpp^hr4) (Bangi and Wharton, 2006) wing vein L4 (with dpp^hr4) (Bangi and Wharton, 2006) ommatidium (with dpp^d12) (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) leg (with dpp^d12) (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) wing (with dpp^d12) (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) antenna (with dpp^d12) (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) male genitalia (with dpp^d12) (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) tarsal segment (with dpp^d12) (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) unguis (with dpp^d12) (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) tibia (with dpp^d12) (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) femur (with dpp^d12) (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) sex comb \| supernumerary (with dpp^d12) (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) arista (with dpp^d12) (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) antennal segment 4 (with dpp^d12) (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) antennal segment 5 (with dpp^d12) (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) ventral thoracic disc (with dpp^d12) (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) antennal disc (with dpp^d12) (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) taste bristle (with dpp^d12) (Yasunaga et al., 2006) wing (with dpp^d5) (Bangi and Wharton, 2006) male genitalia (Emerald and Roy, 1998) gonopod thorn bristle (Emerald and Roy, 1998) gonopod long bristle (Emerald and Roy, 1998) wing vein (Brummel et al., 1994) wing vein \| ectopic (Brummel et al., 1994) anterior crossvein (Brummel et al., 1994, Khalsa et al., 1998) ommatidium (Staehling-Hampton et al., 1994, Kaphingst and Kunes, 1994) wing (Staehling-Hampton et al., 1994, Sekelsky et al., 1995, Yu et al., 2000, Saget et al., 1998, Maves and Schubiger, 1998, Posakony et al., 1990) dorsal appendage (Dequier et al., 2001) eye (Sekelsky et al., 1995, Horsfield et al., 1998, Saget et al., 1998) unguis (Sekelsky et al., 1995, Saget et al., 1998) leg (St. Johnston et al., 1990, Maves and Schubiger, 1998) wing vein L2 (Yu et al., 2000) wing vein L3 (Yu et al., 2000) wing vein L4 (Yu et al., 2000) wing vein L5 (Yu et al., 2000) tarsal segment (Saget et al., 1998) leg \| ectopic (Saget et al., 1998) antenna \| ectopic (Saget et al., 1998) medulla neuropil (Kaphingst and Kunes, 1994) wing vein L2 (with dpp^hr27) (Bangi and Wharton, 2006) wing vein L4 (with dpp^hr27) (Bangi and Wharton, 2006) wing (with dpp^hr27) (Bangi and Wharton, 2006)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Adults lack distal portion of appendages. (St. Johnston et al., 1990) dpp^d6/dpp^d14 clones are associated with defects in the wing, but not the notum. dpp^d6/dpp^d14 clones in the posterior compartment are associated with normal venation. (Posakony et al., 1990) dpp^d6/dpp^hr4 individuals have a nearly full size wing, except for the absence of the anterior crossvein, a reduction in the distance between L4 and L5 and a small amount of ectopic vein between L2 and L3. (Brummel et al., 1994) The medulla neuropil is reduced to a size similar to that produced by inactivating wg prior to 44hr AEL. The number of ommatidia is correspondingly reduced. The number of outer proliferative center cells incorporating BrdU is markedly decreased in the Fas2 expressing domain of wg and dpp early third instar brains. (Kaphingst and Kunes, 1994) Homozygotes exhibit greatly reduced wings and eyes and loss of tarsal claws at the tips of the legs. Transheterozygotes with dpp^hr4 have wings approximately half size and normal legs and eyes. When in combination with Df(2L)C28/Mad⁺ the transheterozygotes exhibit more severe phenotype, further reduction in wing blade, slight reduction in the eye and loss of tarsal claws. Trisomy for Mad (Dp(2;3)JS20) partially ameliorates transheterozygote phenotype, wings are of normal size and show residual vein fusions. (Sekelsky et al., 1995) dpp^hr4/dpp^d6 transheterozygotes exhibit reduced wings to approximately half wild type size and no defects in eyes or legs. (George and Terracol, 1997) dpp^d6/dpp^d8 transheterozygotes have defects in both wing and leg development. Mutants can produce ventral wing hinge structures in transdetermined legs. (Maves and Schubiger, 1998) Heterozygotes are phenotypically wild-type. Wings derived from dpp^d6/dpp^s4 animals lack only the anterior crossvein. (Khalsa et al., 1998) 70 to 100% of homozygous males show loss of tarsi and claws and have small wings and eyes. 35 to 70% of homozygous males show duplication of leg structures, and 10 to 35% of homozygous males have duplicated antennal structures. (Saget et al., 1998) The external genitalia of dpp^d6/dpp^d12 males are reduced to a small ring like structure. dpp^d6/dpp^d12 females show duplication of the thorn bristles accompanied by an absence of long bristles. (Emerald and Roy, 1998) Small, rough eyes. (Horsfield et al., 1998) dpp^d6/dpp^d12 flies have a reduced number of ommatidia. The adults are weak, short-lived (live for 2-3 days) and have abnormalities in the wing, leg, antenna and external genitalia. The tarsal and meta-tarsal segments of all legs are abnormal in dpp^d6/dpp^d12 flies, due to loss of claws and fusion of the tarsal segments. The dorsal parts of the leg are sometimes ventralised. The tibia and femur are progressively less affected, while the trochanter and coxa are almost wild type. The number of sex comb bristles is generally higher than normal. dpp^d6/dpp^d12 flies have defects in the distal segments of the antenna. The arista is usually absent and a conical projection is present on the third segment (which presumably represents the fused 4th, 5th and 6th antennal segments). Most dpp^d6/dpp^d12 males completely lack external genitalia while some have abnormal external genitalia. There is little effect on the female genitalia. The leg and antennal discs of dpp^d6/dpp^d12 larvae are deformed. (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) dpp^d6/dpp^hr27 flies show partial fusions of the L2 and L3 and the L4 and L5 wing veins. The wing is compressed along the A/P axis compared to wild type. (Yu et al., 2000) Approximately 50% of eggs laid by heterozygous females have shortened and abnormally shaped respiratory appendages. (Dequier et al., 2001) Heterozygotes do not have an ectopic wing vein phenotype. (Ramel, 2007) dpp[d6]/dpp[hr4] wings have only two veins, L3 and L5 and are missing L2 and L4 completely. dpp[d6]/dpp[hr27] mutants have wings that are significantly reduced in size and that are missing L3 and L5. The wings of dpp[d5]/dpp[d6] mutants are so small that the identification of patterning defects is obscured. (Bangi and Wharton, 2006) Wing size is reduced in dpp[hr4]/dpp[d6] flies. (Crickmore and Mann, 2006) dpp[d12]/dpp[d6] flies show a considerable loss of taste bristles but do not show a loss of pseudotrachae or a significant change in gross mediproboscis morphology. (Yasunaga et al., 2006)
Interactions
	Show the genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors
Phenotypic Class
Enhanced by
Statement Reference dpp^d6/dpp^d12 has visible phenotype, enhanceable by B¹ (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) dpp^d6 has visible \| recessive phenotype, enhanceable by mxc^G43 (Saget et al., 1998)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference dpp^d6/dpp[+] is a non-enhancer of visible phenotype of I-2^{Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6,T:Hsap\MYC}, Scer\GAL4^vg.PM, put^Scer\UAS.cMa (Bennett et al., 2003) dpp^d6/dpp^d6 is a non-enhancer of visible \| recessive phenotype of mxc^G43 (Saget et al., 1998, Saget et al., 1998)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference dpp^d6 is a suppressor of visible phenotype of os^GMR.PB (Bach et al., 2003) dpp^d6/dpp[+] is a suppressor \| partially of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4[-], Snoo^GS-C517T (Ramel, 2007) dpp^d6/dpp[+] is a suppressor \| partially of visible phenotype of Scer\GAL4^tub, Snoo^GS-C517T (Ramel, 2007)
NOT Suppressor of
Statement Reference dpp^d6/dpp[+] is a non-suppressor of visible phenotype of I-2^{Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6,T:Hsap\MYC}, Scer\GAL4^vg.PM, put^Scer\UAS.cMa (Bennett et al., 2003)
Other
Statement Reference dpp^s4/dpp^d6, gbb¹ has visible phenotype (Khalsa et al., 1998) dpp^s4/dpp^d6, gbb¹ has viable \| poor phenotype (Khalsa et al., 1998)
Phenotype Manifest In
Enhanced by
Statement Reference dpp^d6/dpp^d12 has antenna phenotype, enhanceable by B¹ (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) dpp^d6/dpp^d12 has antennal segment 4 phenotype, enhanceable by B¹ (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) dpp^d6/dpp^d12 has antennal segment 5 phenotype, enhanceable by B¹ (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) dpp^d6/dpp^d12 has arista phenotype, enhanceable by B¹ (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) dpp^d6/dpp^d12 has femur phenotype, enhanceable by B¹ (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) dpp^d6/dpp^d12 has leg phenotype, enhanceable by B¹ (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) dpp^d6/dpp^d12 has male genitalia phenotype, enhanceable by B¹ (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) dpp^d6/dpp^d12 has ommatidium phenotype, enhanceable by B¹ (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) dpp^d6/dpp^d12 has sex comb \| supernumerary phenotype, enhanceable by B¹ (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) dpp^d6/dpp^d12 has tarsal segment phenotype, enhanceable by B¹ (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) dpp^d6/dpp^d12 has tibia phenotype, enhanceable by B¹ (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) dpp^hr4/dpp^d6 has wing phenotype, enhanceable by vri[+]/vri¹ (George and Terracol, 1997) dpp^hr4/dpp^d6 has wing phenotype, enhanceable by vri²/vri[+] (George and Terracol, 1997) dpp^d6 has tarsal segment phenotype, enhanceable by mxc^G43 (Saget et al., 1998) dpp^d6 has leg \| ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by mxc^G43 (Saget et al., 1998) dpp^d6 has wing phenotype, enhanceable by mxc^G43 (Saget et al., 1998) dpp^d6 has eye phenotype, enhanceable by mxc^G43 (Saget et al., 1998) dpp^d6 has antenna \| ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by mxc^G43 (Saget et al., 1998) dpp^hr4/dpp^d6 has wing phenotype, enhanceable by tkv^Scer\UAS.cNa/Scer\GAL4^tub (Crickmore and Mann, 2006)
Suppressed by
Statement Reference dpp^s4/dpp^d6 has anterior crossvein phenotype, suppressible by gbb¹ (Khalsa et al., 1998)
NOT suppressed by
Statement Reference dpp^d6 has eye phenotype, non-suppressible by gbb^Scer\UAS.cSa/Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1 (Staehling-Hampton et al., 1994) dpp^d6 has wing phenotype, non-suppressible by gbb^Scer\UAS.cSa/Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1 (Staehling-Hampton et al., 1994) dpp^d6 has eye phenotype, non-suppressible by gbb^Scer\UAS.cSb/Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1 (Staehling-Hampton et al., 1994) dpp^d6 has wing phenotype, non-suppressible by gbb^Scer\UAS.cSb/Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1 (Staehling-Hampton et al., 1994)
Enhancer of
Statement Reference dpp^d6 is an enhancer of anterior crossvein phenotype of cv-2^k03511/Df(2R)Pu-D17 (Conley et al., 2000) dpp^hr4/dpp^d6 is an enhancer of wing phenotype of Scer\GAL4^tub, tkv^Scer\UAS.cNa (Crickmore and Mann, 2006)
NOT Enhancer of
Statement Reference dpp^d6/dpp[+] is a non-enhancer of wing phenotype of I-2^{Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6,T:Hsap\MYC}, Scer\GAL4^vg.PM, put^Scer\UAS.cMa (Bennett et al., 2003)
Suppressor of
Statement Reference dpp^d6 is a suppressor of eye phenotype of os^GMR.PB (Bach et al., 2003) dpp^d6/dpp[+] is a suppressor \| partially of wing vein \| ectopic phenotype of Scer\GAL4[-], Snoo^GS-C517T (Ramel, 2007) dpp^d6/dpp[+] is a suppressor \| partially of wing vein \| ectopic phenotype of Scer\GAL4^tub, Snoo^GS-C517T (Ramel, 2007)
NOT Suppressor of
Statement Reference dpp^d6/dpp[+] is a non-suppressor of wing phenotype of I-2^{Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6,T:Hsap\MYC}, Scer\GAL4^vg.PM, put^Scer\UAS.cMa (Bennett et al., 2003)
Other
Statement Reference dpp^hr4/dpp^d6, vri² has wing vein phenotype (George and Terracol, 1997) dpp^hr4/dpp^d6, vri² has eye phenotype (George and Terracol, 1997) dpp^hr4/dpp^d6, vri² has leg phenotype (George and Terracol, 1997) B¹, dpp^d6/dpp^d12 has antennal segment 2 sensillum phenotype (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999, Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) B¹, dpp^d6/dpp^d12 has antennal segment 2 phenotype (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999, Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) B¹, dpp^d6/dpp^d12 has antennal segment 3 sensillum phenotype (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999, Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) B¹, dpp^d6/dpp^d12 has antennal segment 3 phenotype (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999, Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) B¹, dpp^d6/dpp^d12 has leg sensillum phenotype (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999, Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) dpp^d5/dpp^d6, sax¹ has prothoracic unguis phenotype (Brummel et al., 1994) dpp^d5/dpp^d6, sax¹ has mesothoracic unguis phenotype (Brummel et al., 1994) dpp^d5/dpp^d6, sax¹ has metathoracic unguis phenotype (Brummel et al., 1994) dpp^d5/dpp^d6, sax² has prothoracic unguis phenotype (Brummel et al., 1994) dpp^d5/dpp^d6, sax² has mesothoracic unguis phenotype (Brummel et al., 1994) dpp^d5/dpp^d6, sax² has metathoracic unguis phenotype (Brummel et al., 1994) dpp^hr4/dpp^d6, vri[+]/vri¹ has wing vein phenotype (George and Terracol, 1997) dpp^hr4/dpp^d6, vri[+]/vri¹ has eye phenotype (George and Terracol, 1997) dpp^hr4/dpp^d6, vri[+]/vri¹ has leg phenotype (George and Terracol, 1997) dpp^hr4/dpp^d6, vri²/vri[+] has wing vein phenotype (George and Terracol, 1997) dpp^hr4/dpp^d6, vri²/vri[+] has eye phenotype (George and Terracol, 1997) dpp^hr4/dpp^d6, vri²/vri[+] has leg phenotype (George and Terracol, 1997) dpp^s4/dpp^d6, gbb¹ has wing phenotype (Khalsa et al., 1998) dpp^hr4/dpp^d6, vri¹ has wing vein phenotype (George and Terracol, 1997) dpp^hr4/dpp^d6, vri¹ has eye phenotype (George and Terracol, 1997) dpp^hr4/dpp^d6, vri¹ has leg phenotype (George and Terracol, 1997)
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference If dpp^d6/dpp^hr4 flies are also heterozygous for (paternally contributed) sax¹ or sax², L2 is lost and L4 and L5 fused. Whereas dpp^d5/dpp^d6 legs are normal, if the flies are also heterozygous for sax¹ or sax² then legs tend to lack tarsal claws. (Brummel et al., 1994) Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1 driven expression of gbb^Scer\UAS.cSa or gbb^Scer\UAS.cSb is unable to rescue the mutant phenotype. (Staehling-Hampton et al., 1994) vri¹/+ or vri²/+ causes a further reduction in wing size and wing veins of dpp^hr4/dpp^d6 transheterozygotes. Eyes are smaller and rough and legs are truncated. (George and Terracol, 1997) Very few wg^Act5C.PS; dpp^d6/dpp^d8 flies exhibit wg-induced transdetermination, legs with wing tissue. (Maves and Schubiger, 1998) The anterior crossvein is restored in dpp^d6/dpp^s4 flies carrying one copy of gbb¹. The wing is reduced in size in these animals and viability is significantly reduced. (Khalsa et al., 1998) Does not enhance the phenotype of mxc^G43 hemizygotes. The dpp^d6 phenotypes are enhanced if the flies are also hemizygous for mxc^G43. (Saget et al., 1998) The severity of the leg defects seen in dpp^d6/dpp^d16 flies is enhanced by B¹. There is an overall shortening in length along the proximal-distal axis of the leg and complete or partial fusion or even total loss of tarsal segments. The tibia and femur are deformed, showing shortening, bulging and disorganised bristle patterns. The coxa and trochanter are not so strongly affected. The sex comb of the prothoracic leg, when present, is always duplicated in these flies. The antenna phenotype of dpp^d6/dpp^d16 flies is enhanced by B¹; the arista, 4th and 5th segments are completely absent and the 2nd and 3rd segments are widened and deformed and have defects in the bristle pattern. B¹ ; dpp^d6/dpp^d16 flies completely lack ommatidia. All B¹ ; dpp^d6/dpp^d16 males completely lack external genitalia. (Mandal and Lakhotia, 1999) The frequency of the Snoo[GS-C517T]/Snoo[GS-C517T] ectopic wing vein phenotype is significantly suppressed if the flies are also carrying one copy of dpp[d6]. The frequency of the ectopic wing vein phenotype caused by expression of Snoo[GS-C517T] under the control of Scer\GAL4[tub] is significantly suppressed if the flies are also carrying one copy of dpp[d6]. (Ramel, 2007) Flies that express tkv[Scer\UAS.cNa], under the control of Scer\GAL4[tub], in a dpp[hr4]/dpp[d6] background, have smaller wings than flies expressing the transgene in a wild-type background and than dpp[hr4]/dpp[d6] flies that do not express tkv[Scer\UAS.cNa]. (Crickmore and Mann, 2006)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Rescued by	dpp^d6 is rescued by dpp^Scer\UAS.cSa/Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1 (Staehling-Hampton et al., 1994)
Partially rescued by	dpp^d6 is partially rescued by dpp^TnJMB7 (Masucci et al., 1990)
Comments	Allele class: d-III Belongs to the disk-III class of alleles. (St. Johnston et al., 1990) Eye and wing phenotypes can be rescued by Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1 driving the expression of dpp^Scer\UAS.cSa. (Staehling-Hampton et al., 1994)
Stocks ( 2 )
Bloomington	2062 dpp^d6/CyO
Kyoto	106644 dpp^d6/CyO
Notes on Origin
Discoverer

Comments
	dpp class III allele. (Segal and Gelbart, 1985) Clonal analysis shows a requirement for dpp⁺ function in cells adjacent to the anterior-posterior compartment boundary of the wing primordium. (Posakony et al., 1990) Intermediate disk dpp allele. (Staehling-Hampton et al., 1994)
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 4 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	dpp⁶ (Segal and Gelbart, 1985) dpp^d-6 (Goto et al., 1995, Staehling-Hampton et al., 1994) dpp^d6 (Yasunaga et al., 2006, Bangi and Wharton, 2006, Crickmore and Mann, 2006, Ramel, 2007) unnamed (Posakony et al., 1990)
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 36 )

Generate a list of	All references relating to this allele ( 36 )

List References by type	Research paper ( 33 ) Supplementary material ( 1 ) Review ( 1 ) Abstract ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 3 )
	Ramel, 2007, Mech. Dev. 124(4): 304--317 Drosophila SnoN modulates growth and patterning by antagonizing TGF-beta signalling. [FBrf0199308] Bangi and Wharton, 2006, Dev. Biol. 295(1): 178--193 Dpp and Gbb exhibit different effective ranges in the establishment of the BMP activity gradient critical for Drosophila wing patterning. [FBrf0192202] Yasunaga et al., 2006, Mech. Dev. 123(12): 893--906 Fate map of the distal portion of Drosophila proboscis as inferred from the expression and mutations of basic patterning genes. [FBrf0194566] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2006 Show reviews ...

Allele Dmel\dppd6

Allele Dmel\dpp^d6