Allele Dmel\Ddc^ts2

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Ddc^ts2	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0002299
Feature type	allele	Created / Updated	2006-08-22/2006-08-22
Associated gene	Dmel\Ddc

Allele class	amorph
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate, formaldehyde
Nature of the Allele
Allele class	amorph (Heslip and Hodgetts, 1994)
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate (Wright et al., 1982) formaldehyde (Wright et al., 1982)
Mapped Features and Mutations
Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference
Assay mode
Cytology
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	lethal \| recessive \| conditional - heat sensitive (Wright et al., 1981, Heslip and Hodgetts, 1994, Wright et al., 1982) lethal \| conditional - heat sensitive (Chen and Hodgetts, 1987) lethal \| pupal stage \| recessive \| conditional - heat sensitive (Marsh et al., 1985) visible (Shen et al., 1993) visible \| conditional - heat sensitive (Scholnick et al., 1983)
Phenotype Manifest In
	adult cuticle (Bishop and Wright, 1987) larval cuticle (Bishop and Wright, 1987) leg (Bishop and Wright, 1987) wing (Bishop and Wright, 1987) macrochaeta (Bishop and Wright, 1987) pupal cuticle (Shen et al., 1993)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference At 25^oC pupae are yellow-green. (Scholnick et al., 1983) Homozygotes are lethal at 25^oC or 29^oC and viable at 22^oC. Adult escapers have a pale unpigmented cuticle, unpigmented bristles, melanization of joints on the leg and axillae of the wing. Phenotype can be rescued by introduction of P{DdcP10} construct. (Marsh et al., 1985) Specific DDC activity of newly eclosed adult CyO/Ddc heterozygotes, as percentage of CyO/+ control: 52.3 Shows conventional temperature sensitive effects on viability, though does not show sterility at 30^oC. (Wright et al., 1981) Recently eclosed hemizygous adults shifted to 29^oC have an underpigmented cuticle which darkens on aging, producing abnormally dark adults with obvious concentrations of melanisation in the joints of the legs and axillae of the wings. The bristles of hemizygous adults shifted to 29^oC during metamorphosis are pale and straw coloured. Hemizygous pupal cases are dark grey and flexible. (Bishop and Wright, 1987) Few homozygotes eclose at 22^oC and exhibit an incomplete sclerotization phenotype. (Black et al., 1987) Homozygous larvae raised at the restrictive temperature (29^oC) show a significant decrease in immune capacity compared to homozygous larvae raised at the permissive temperature (20^oC), with less than 9% melanotic encapsulation of L.boulardi eggs 48 hours after parisitization for larvae raised at 29^oC, compared to approximately 80% encapsulation for larvae raised at 20^oC. (Nappi et al., 1992) Without heat shock individuals carrying P{Hsp70/Ddc} exhibit full suppression of the pupal cuticle colouration phenotype. (Shen et al., 1993) Shows the escaper phenotype (incomplete sclerotinization) when transheterozygous with Df(2L)TW130. Developmental time is protracted by at least four days. (Wright et al., 1982) When Ddc^ts2 pharate adult tissue (derived from larvae reared at the permissive temperature until third instar and then shifted to the restrictive temperature) is incubated with dopamine in vitro, wild-type levels of melanisation are obtained. (Walter et al., 1996)
Interactions
Phenotypic Class
Phenotype Manifest In
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Rescued by	Ddc^ts2 is rescued by Ddc^+t7.5 (Scholnick et al., 1983, Bishop and Wright, 1987)
Comments	Cuticle phenotype is rescued by Ddc^+t7.5. (Bishop and Wright, 1987)
Stocks ( 2 )
Bloomington	3004 Ddc^ts2 cn¹/SM5
Kyoto	107521 Ddc^ts2 cn¹/SM5
Notes on Origin
Discoverer	Wright.

Comments
	Induced by ethyl methanesulfonate or formaldehyde. (Wright et al., 1981)
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 2 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	Ddc^ts2 l(2)308
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 17 )
Research paper	Walter et al., 1996, Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 31(2): 219--233 Catecholamine metabolism and in vitro induction of premature cuticle melanization in wild type and pigmentation mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0086102] Wright, 1996, J. Hered. 87(3): 175--190 The Wilhelmine E. Key 1992 Invitational lecture. Phenotypic analysis of the Dopa decarboxylase gene cluster mutants in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0089206] Stathakis et al., 1995, Genetics 141(2): 629--655 The genetic and molecular organization of the Dopa decarboxylase gene cluster of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0084402] Heslip and Hodgetts, 1994, Genetics 138(4): 1127--1135 Targeted transposition at the vestigial locus of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0078644] Shen et al., 1993, Molec. Cell. Biol. 13(8): 4549--4555 Tissue-specific alternative splicing of the Drosophila dopa decarboxylase gene is affected by heat shock. [FBrf0059059] Mastick and Scholnick, 1992, Molec. Cell. Biol. 12(12): 5659--5666 Repression and activation of the Drosophila dopa decarboxylase gene in glia. [FBrf0057242] Nappi et al., 1992, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. Comp. Bioch. 101(3): 453--460 Reduced cellular immune competence of a temperature-sensitive dopa decarboxylase mutant strain of Drosophila melanogaster against the parasite Leptopilina boulardi. [FBrf0055630] Sarthy, 1991, J. Neurochem. 57(5): 1757--1768 Histamine: a neurotransmitter candidate for Drosophila photoreceptors. [FBrf0054495] Johnson et al., 1989, Genes Dev. 3: 676--686 A neuron-specific enhancer of the Drosophila dopa decarboxylase gene. [FBrf0049825] Bishop and Wright, 1987, Genetics 115: 477--491 Ddc<up>DE1</up>, a mutant differentially affecting both stage and tissue specific expression of dopa decarboxylase in Drosophila. [FBrf0046380] Black et al., 1987, Molec. gen. Genet. 209(2): 306--312 The alpha methyl dopa hypersensitive gene, l(2)amd, and two adjacent genes in Drosophila melanogaster: physical location and direct effects of amd on catecholamine metabolism. [FBrf0046993] Chen and Hodgetts, 1987, Molec. gen. Genet. 207(2-3): 441--445 Functional analysis of a naturally occurring variant dopa decarboxylase gene in Drosophila melanogaster using P element mediated germ line transformation. [FBrf0047005] Marsh et al., 1985, Molec. gen. Genet. 198: 393--403 Developmental control of transduced dopa decarboxylase genes in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0043255] Scholnick et al., 1983, Cell 34: 37--45 The cloned Dopa decarboxylase gene is developmentally regulated when reintegrated into the Drosophila genome. [FBrf0038998] Wright et al., 1982, Molec. gen. Genet. 188: 18--26 The genetics of dopa decarboxylase in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0064843] Wright et al., 1981, Dev. Genet. 2(3): 223--235 The genetics of dopa decarboxylase in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0036226]
Abstract	Rivlin et al., 2005, A. Dros. Res. Conf. 46: 723C Genetic Interactions Between Neural Activity and Bioamine Metabolism Mutants. [FBrf0183384]

Allele Dmel\Ddcts2

Allele Dmel\Ddc^ts2