Allele Dmel\Dll³

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Dll³	Species	D. melanogaster
Name		FlyBase ID	FBal0001001
Feature type	allele	Created / Updated	2006-08-22/2006-08-22
Associated gene	Dmel\Dll

Allele class	hypomorph
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate
Nature of the Allele
Allele class	hypomorph (Cohen and Jurgens, 1989, Couso and Bishop, 1998, Gorfinkiel et al., 1999)
Mutagen	ethyl methanesulfonate (Sunkel and Whittle, 1987, Cohen and Jurgens, 1989)
Mapped Features and Mutations
Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
Associated Sequence Data
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Progenitor genotype
Nature of the lesion	Statement Reference
Assay mode
Cytology	Polytene chromosomes normal. (Sunkel and Whittle, 1987)
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Class
	lethal \| pharate adult stage \| recessive (Dong et al., 2000, Sunkel and Whittle, 1987) visible \| recessive (Sunkel and Whittle, 1987, Couso and Bishop, 1998, Campbell and Tomlinson, 1998) visible \| homeotic \| recessive (Dong et al., 2000)
Phenotype Manifest In
	antenna (Dong et al., 2000) antennal segment 3 \| distal (Dong et al., 2000) arista \| proximal (Dong et al., 2000) leg \| ectopic (Dong et al., 2000, ) tibia \| ectopic (Dong et al., 2000) antennal segment 3 (Dong et al., 2000, Sunkel and Whittle, 1987) arista (Dong et al., 2000, Sunkel and Whittle, 1987) tarsal segment (Dong et al., 2000, Campbell and Tomlinson, 1998) leg (Dong et al., 2000, Couso and Bishop, 1998) femur (Dong et al., 2000, Couso and Bishop, 1998, Campbell and Tomlinson, 1998) tibia (Dong et al., 2000, Couso and Bishop, 1998, Campbell and Tomlinson, 1998) antennal segment 2 tibia & macrochaeta macrochaeta \| ectopic (Sunkel and Whittle, 1987) antennal segment 2 & macrochaeta (Sunkel and Whittle, 1987) femur & macrochaeta (Sunkel and Whittle, 1987) trochanter (Couso and Bishop, 1998) anal plate \| male (Gorfinkiel et al., 1999) adult hindgut (Gorfinkiel et al., 1999) female gonopod (Gorfinkiel et al., 1999) antennal segment 3 \| distal (with Dll⁷) (Dong et al., 2002) leg \| ectopic (with Dll⁷) (Dong et al., 2002) antenna (with Dll⁷) (Dong et al., 2002) antennal segment 3 (with Dll^md23) (Dong et al., 2002) leg \| ectopic (with Dll^md23) (Dong et al., 2002)
Detailed Description
	Statement Reference Dll³/+ wild type; Dll³/Dll¹ fail to eclose; pharate adults lack third antennal segment; second segment transformed to leg; distal arista normal. Legs lack all structures distal to tibiae; tibiae enlarge and bear ectopic bristles; no remaining leg bristles are bracted. recessive pharate-adult lethal Heterozygotes are wild-type. Homozygotes die as pharate adults in which the most distal part of the arista is sometimes present, but there is no evidence of a third antennal segment. The second segment has a large number of ectopic bristles, some of which are bracted. The thoracic legs are distorted and lack all elements distal to the tibia. Duplications are sometimes seen in the femur which have a large number of ectopic bristles that are not bracted. Hemizygous but not homozygous embryos sometimes lack Keilin's organs and the labial sense organ. (Sunkel and Whittle, 1987) Greatly reduced femur and tibia, associated with normal trochanter and coxa. (Cohen et al., 1989) Severe leg reductions: deletion of all distal tarsal segments, tibia and femur very reduced. (Cohen and Jurgens, 1989) Homozygous adults have legs that are truncated at the tibia. The tibia, femur and trochanter are shorter than wild-type and are deformed. (Couso and Bishop, 1998) Homozygotes lack all of the tarsus and the tibia and femur are reduced in size. (Campbell and Tomlinson, 1998) In Dll³/Df(2R)Dll-MP adults, the hindgut is enlarged at the expense of the anal plates in both males and females. In females, the vaginal plates are disorganised. A few anal bristles surrounded by hindgut tissue may be observed. The internal and external genitalia appear normal in both males and females. (Gorfinkiel et al., 1999) Dll³/Dll⁷ animals show partial transformation of the antenna into leg. The distal part of antennal segment 3 and the proximal part of the arista are transformed towards tibia. Tarsal segment deletions and fusions in the legs are seen. Dll¹/Dll³ animals die as pharate adults. They show both a transformation of the antenna towards leg and distal truncations. What remains of antennal segment 3 resembles leg tissue and the arista is deleted. A complete loss of the tarsal segments and shortening of both the femur and tibia is seen in the legs. Dll³/Dll¹⁷ animals die as pharate adults. They show truncations of the antenna, such as deletion of antennal segment 3 and the arista. A complete loss of the tarsal segments and shortening of both the femur and tibia is seen in the legs. (Dong et al., 2000) The distal antennal segment 3 (a3) and the arista of Dll³/Dll⁷ transheterozygotes are transformed towards leg. The circular outline of the joint between antennal segments 2 and 3 is also missing. Dll^md23/Dll³ animals results in the loss of the arista and transformation of antennal segment 3 towards leg. Antennal segment 2 is present and has a normal cuticle. (Dong et al., 2002)
Interactions
Phenotypic Class
Phenotype Manifest In
Additional Comments
Genetic Interactions
Statement Reference No effect on the eye pigment phenotype of w^T81. (Netter et al., 1998)
Xenogenetic Interactions
Statement Reference
Complementation & Rescue Data
Rescued by	Dll³ is rescued by Scer\GAL4^Dll-em212/Dll^Scer\UAS.cGa (Gorfinkiel et al., 1997)
Comments
Stocks ( 0 )

Notes on Origin
Discoverer	Sunkel.

Comments
	Strong Dll allele. (Cohen et al., 1989)
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 2 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	Ba³ (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) Dll³
Name Synonym
Secondary FlyBase IDs

References ( 17 )
Research paper	Emerald and Cohen, 2004, Dev. Biol. 267(2): 462--472 Spatial and temporal regulation of the homeotic selector gene Antennapedia is required for the establishment of leg identity in Drosophila. [FBrf0174519] Suzanne et al., 2003, Dev. Biol. 260(2): 465--483 The hernandez and fernandez genes of Drosophila specify eye and antenna. [FBrf0161494] Chu et al., 2002, Development 129(3): 695--704 Limb type-specific regulation of bric a brac contributes to morphological diversity. [FBrf0144840] Dong et al., 2002, Development 129(8): 1967--1974 Distal-less and homothorax regulate multiple targets to pattern the Drosophila antenna. [FBrf0146985] Dong et al., 2001, Development 128(12): 2365--2372 Proximodistal domain specification and interactions in developing Drosophila appendages. [FBrf0137225] Dong et al., 2000, Development 127(2): 209--216 Coexpression of the homeobox genes Distal-less and homothorax determines Drosophila antennal identity. [FBrf0122999] Gorfinkiel et al., 1999, Mech. Dev. 86(1-2): 113--123 Drosophila terminalia as an appendage-like structure. [FBrf0111374] Campbell and Tomlinson, 1998, Development 125(22): 4483--4493 The roles of the homeobox genes aristaless and Distal-less in patterning the legs and wings of Drosophila. [FBrf0105784] Netter et al., 1998, Genetics 149(1): 257--275 white+ transgene insertions presenting a dorsal/ventral pattern define a single cluster of homeobox genes that is silenced by the polycomb-group proteins in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0102846] Gorfinkiel et al., 1997, Genes Dev. 11(17): 2259--2271 The homeobox gene Distal-less induces ventral appendage development in Drosophila. [FBrf0098249] Cohen et al., 1989, Nature 338: 432--434 Distal-less encodes a homoeodomain protein required for limb development in Drosophila. [FBrf0050642] Cohen and Jurgens, 1989, Roux Arch. dev. Biol. 198(3): 157--169 Proximal-distal pattern formation in Drosophila graded requirement for Distal-less gene activity during limb development. [FBrf0050913] Sunkel and Whittle, 1987, Roux Arch. dev. Biol. 196: 124--132 Brista: A gene involved in the specification and differentiation of distal cephalic and thoracic structures in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0047276]
Supplementary material	Galindo et al., 2002, Science 296(5579): Supplementary material: leg patterning driven by proximal-distal interactions and EGFR signaling. [FBrf0157204]
Review	Couso and Bishop, 1998, Int. J. Dev. Biol. 42(3): 345--352 Proximo-distal development in the legs of Drosophila. [FBrf0102907]
Book	Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, The Genome of Drosophila melanogaster. The Genome of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0066905]
Letter	Moreno and Morata, 1999, Nature 400(6747): 873--877 Caudal is the Hox gene that specifies the most posterior Drosophile segment. [FBrf0111436]

Allele Dmel\Dll3

Allele Dmel\Dll³